The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Factor Analysis of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-R
Abstract
The current study examined the factor structure of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) in children with autism. Factor extraction procedures of 12 items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) were applied in N = 207 individuals with autism. Two interpretable factors were identified: Factor 1--repetitive sensory motor actions and Factor 2--resistance to change. There was a significant negative correlation between an index of level of adaptive functioning and Factor 1. Intraclass correlations were not significant for either factor in a subset of families with two or more siblings with autism (multiplex). No differences in scores were apparent for either factor when multiplex families and families containing only one affected individual with autism (singleton) were compared. RRB in autism are represented by two distinct factors which may reflect two separate groups within autism. Defining subgroups within autism will allow for reduction of clinical heterogeneity and enhance our ability to dissect the genetic etiology of this complex disorder.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Multiple studies (Bishop et al. 2006, 2013; Cuccaro et al. 2003) have identified two factors that may represent unique phenotypes of RRBs among individuals with ASD: (1) “repetitive sensory-motor behaviors” and (2) “insistence on sameness”.”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as Cuccaro et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“Factor 1 consists of motor mannerisms, sensory seeking behaviors, repetitive use of objects, and more generally self-stimulatory behaviors (Cuccaro et al. 2003; Bishop et al. 2006).”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as Cuccaro et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“Factor 2 encompasses behaviors related to compulsions, rituals, and resistance to change (Cuccaro et al. 2003; Bishop et al. 2006).”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as Cuccaro et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“Though extensive data exist about the presence of each of the defined RRBs in children with autism (Cuccaro et al. 2003, Honey et al. 2012, Mandy et al. 2012, Szatmari et al. 2006), the groupings themselves were not empirically derived.”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Cuccaro et al. 2003
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
Hu, R. J. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/01070-4 · Cited by 9,168
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065
Reliability and Validity Assessment
Carmines, E., & Zeller, R. (1979) · doi:10.4135/9781412985642 · Cited by 5,884
Reliability and Validity Assessment
Kurian, G. T. (2011) · CQ Press eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781608712434.n1341 · Cited by 5,046
Varieties of Repetitive Behavior in Autism: Comparisons to Mental Retardation
Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E., & Lewis, M. H. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005596502855 · Cited by 1,223
Using SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Multilevel Models, Hierarchical Models, and Individual Growth Models
Singer, J. D. (1998) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.2307/1165280 · Cited by 1,092
Annotation: Repetitive Behaviour in Autism: A Review of Psychological Research
Turner, M. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00502 · Cited by 731
Application of a Method of Estimating DIF for Polytomous Test Items
Camilli, G., & Congdon, P. D. (1999) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.3102/10769986024004323 · Cited by 607
Evans, D. W., Leckman, J. F., Carter, A. S., Reznick, J. S., Henshaw, D., King, R. A., & Pauls, D. L. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01925.x · Cited by 449
Diagnosing Autism: Analyses of Data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview
Lord, C., Pickles, A. R., McLennan, J. D., Rutter, M. L., Bregman, J. D., Folstein, S. E., Fombonne, E. J., Leboyer, M., & Minshew, N. J. (1997) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025873925661 · Cited by 374
An MRI study of the basal ganglia in autism
Sears, L. L., Vest, C., Mohamed, S., Bailey, J., Ranson, B. J., & Piven, J. (1999) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(99)00020-2 · Cited by 364
Basal ganglia dysfunction in Tourette’s syndrome: a new hypothesis
Mink, J. W. (2001) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/s0887-8994(01)00262-4 · Cited by 357
Predictors and Correlates of Adaptive Functioning in Children with Developmental Disorders
Liss, M., Harel, B., Fein, D., Allen, D., Dunn, M., Feinstein, C., Morris, R., Waterhouse, L., & Rapin, I. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1010707417274 · Cited by 349
Evans, D. W., Leckman, J. F., Carter, A. S., Reznick, J. S., Henshaw, D., King, R. A., & Pauls, D. L. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131925 · Cited by 298
Aman, M. G., Wh, B., & WOLFORD, P. L. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 240
Spiker, D., Lotspeich, L. J., Dimiceli, S., Myers, R. M., & Risch, N. (2002) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.10188 · Cited by 193
Phenotypic Homogeneity Provides Increased Support for Linkage on Chromosome 2 in Autistic Disorder
Shao, Y., Raiford, K. L., Wolpert, C. M., Cope, H., Ravan, S. A., Ashley‐Koch, A. E., Abramson, R. K., Wright, H. H., DeLong, R. G., Gilbert, J. R., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/339765 · Cited by 172
Self-citationBodfish, J. W., Crawford, T. W., Powell, S. B., Parker, D. E., Golden, R. N., & Lewis, M. H. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 170
A Dimensional Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Social Communication Domains
Tanguay, P. E., ROBERTSON, J., & Derrick, A. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199803000-00011 · Cited by 167
Strengthening Behavioral Research on Genetic Mental Retardation Syndromes
Hodapp, R. M., & Dykens, E. M. (2001) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106 · Cited by 121
Domains of Social Communication Handicap in Autism Spectrum Disorder
ROBERTSON, J. M., TANGUAY, P. E., L'ECUYER, S., SIMS, A., & WALTRIP, C. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199906000-00022 · Cited by 115
Evans, D. W., & Gray, F. L. (2000) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00144 · Cited by 111
Familial Factors Influence Level of Functioning in Pervasive Developmental Disorder
MacLean, J. E., Szatmári, P., Jones, M. B., Bryson, S. E., Mahoney, W. J., Bartolucci, G., & TUFF, L. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199906000-00023 · Cited by 103
Burger (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1998)4:2
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bodfish JW, Symons F, Lewis M: The Repetitive Behavior Scales: A test manual, Morganton, North Carolina, Western Carolina Center Research Reports; 1999.
- Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D., and Cicchetti, D. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Interview Edition, Survey Form. 1984. Circle Pines, MN, American Guidance Service. (GENERIC) Ref Type: Pamphlet
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lam, K. S. L., & Aman, M. G. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0213-z · Cited by 793
Leekam, S. R., Prior, M. R., & Uljarevic, M. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023341 · Cited by 612
Disparities in Diagnoses Received Prior to a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mandell, D. S., Ittenbach, R. F., Levy, S. E., & Pinto-Martin, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0314-8 · Cited by 533
Repetitive Behavior Profiles in Asperger Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism
South, M., Ozonoff, S., & McMahon, W. M. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1992-8 · Cited by 423
Systematic review of tools to measure outcomes for young children with autism spectrum disorder
McConachie, H., Parr, J. R., Glod, M., Hanratty, J., Livingstone, N., Oono, I. P., Robalino, S., Baird, G., Beresford, B., Charman, T., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19410 · Cited by 403
Metadata
- Authors
- Cuccaro, M. L., Shao, Y., Grubber, J., Slifer, M., Wolpert, C. M., Donnelly, S. L., Abramson, R. K., Ravan, S. A., Wright, H. H., DeLong, G. R., & Pericak-Vance, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cuccaro, Michael L.
- Venue
- Child Psychiatry and Human Development
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-17
- ISSN
- 0009-398X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3327
- OpenAlex
- W1241721946
- Semantic Scholar
- fe72d21df02a060f6a663aaa77439d0e788eda67
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 3.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Psychiatry & Human Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS36768, R01NS036768)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- restricted and repetitive behaviors, autism spectrum disorder, factor structure, resistance to change, adaptive behavior, multiplex families, autism subgroups, clinical heterogeneity, genetic etiology
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Phenotype, Stereotyped Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
