Cited by 881Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale

Osman, Augustine, Barrios, Francisco X., Kopper, Beverly A., Hauptmann, Wendy, Jones, Jewel, O'Neill, Elizabeth·1997·Journal of Behavioral Medicine

DOI 10.1023/a:1025570508954

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS; Sullivan et al., Psychol. Assess. 7, 524-532, 1995) has recently been developed to assess three components of catastrophizing: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. We conducted three studies to evaluate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the PCS. In Study I, we conducted principal-components analysis with oblique rotation to replicate the three factors of the PCS. Gender differences on the original PCS subscales were also analyzed. In Study II, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the adequacy of fit of four alternative models. We also evaluated evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study III, we evaluated the ability of the PCS and subscales to differentiate between the responses of clinic (students seeking treatment) and nonclinic undergraduate samples. Also, in the clinic sample, we evaluated evidence of concurrent and predictive validity for the PCS. The internal consistency reliability indices for the total PCS and subscales were examined in all three studies. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1023/a:1025570508954

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 20,015
An Index of Factorial Simplicity
Kaiser, H. F. (1974) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291575 · Cited by 14,898
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Clogg, C. C., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1995) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2580595 · Cited by 8,246
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.4.524 · Cited by 8,227
Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain.
Zwick, W. R., & Velicer, W. F. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.432 · Cited by 3,270
The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: Relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment
Rosenstiel, A. K., & Keefe, F. J. (1983) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90125-2 · Cited by 2,314
Factor Analytic Evidence for the Construct Validity of Scores: A Historical Overview and Some Guidelines
Thompson, B., & Daniel, L. G. (1996) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164496056002001 · Cited by 919
Cross-Validation Of Covariance Structures
Cudeck, R. A., & Browne, M. W. (1983) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1802_2 · Cited by 857

Show all 26 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Bentler, P. M. (1996). EQS Structural Equations Program Version 5.4, Multivariate Software, Encino.
Kline, P. (1986). A Handbook of Test Construction, Methuen, London.

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 880

Treatment effects on pain catastrophizing and cutaneous allodynia symptoms in women with migraine and overweight/obesity.
Farris, S. G., Thomas, J. G., Kibbey, M. M., Pavlovic, J. M., Steffen, K. J., & Bond, D. S. (2020) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000920 · Cited by 9
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Short Form and Lower Extremity Specific Limitations.
Kortlever, J., Tripathi, S., Ring, D., McDonald, J., Smoot, B., & Laverty, D. (2020) · The Archives of Bone & Joint Surgery · doi:10.22038/abjs.2020.40004.2073 · Cited by 10
Machine Learning Revealed New Correlates of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women
Elgendi, M., Allaire, C., Williams, C., Bedaiwy, M. A., & Yong, P. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2020.600604 · Cited by 9
The Dutch language version of the Pain Disability Index (PDI-DLV): psychometric properties in breast cancer patients
der Gucht, E. V., Dams, L., Bernar, K., Vrieze, T. D., Haenen, V., Groef, A. D., Godderis, L., Morlion, B. J., Meeus, M., & Devoogdt, N. (2022) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2059036 · Cited by 9
Dysmenorrhea catastrophizing and functional impairment in female pelvic pain
Li, R., Kreher, D. A., Gubbels, A. L., Palermo, T., Benjamin, A., Irvine, C. S., Hart, A., Jusko, T., & Seplaki, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2022.1053026 · Cited by 7
What is the effect of haptotherapy on patients with chronic pain?
Klabbers, G. A., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2021) · International Journal of Haptonomy and Haptotherapy · doi:10.61370/xzug1370 · Cited by 9
Chronic pain self-management support with pain science education and exercise (COMMENCE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Miller, J., MacDermid, J. C., Walton, D. M., & Richardson, J. A. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0994-5 · Cited by 13
COMParative Early Treatment Effectiveness between physical therapy and usual care for low back pain (COMPETE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Rhon, D. I., & Fritz, J. M. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0959-8 · Cited by 12
The Effects of Pain Severity, Pain Catastrophizing, Depression, and Exercise on Perceived Disability in Acute Low Back Pain Patients
Salt, E. G., Wiggins, A. T., Hooker, Q. L., Crofford, L. J., Rayens, M. K., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2018) · Research and theory for nursing practice · doi:10.1891/1541-6577.32.4.436 · Cited by 9
Intensive Multicomponent Fibromyalgia Treatment: A Translational Study to Evaluate Effectiveness in Routine Care Delivery.
Bruce, B. K., Allman, M. E., Rivera, F. A., Wang, B., Berianu, F., Butendieck, R. R., CALAMIA, K. T., Hines, S. L., Rummans, T. A., Niazi, S. K., et al. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/rhu.0000000000001555 · Cited by 7
Corticosteroid Injections for Symptomatic Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Pilot Blinded Randomized Trial
Baker, J. F., Olave, M., Leach, W. T., Doherty, C. R., Gillcrist, R. L., White, D. K., Ogdie, A., England, B. R., Wysham, K. D., Quiñones, M. E., et al. (2023) · ACR Open Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/acr2.11596 · Cited by 8
Associations Between Adult Attachment, Pain Catastrophizing, Psychological Inflexibility and Disability in Adults with Chronic Pain
Borthwick, C., Penlington, C., & Robinson, L. J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-023-09989-7 · Cited by 10
Integrating Physical Therapy and Virtual Reality to Manage Pain-Related Fear of Movement in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Sakuma, S., Kimpara, K., Kawai, Y., Yanagita, Y., Tanaka, N., Tawara, Y., Matsui, G., Terada, K., & Arizono, S. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.79551 · Cited by 8
Pain Science Education, Stress Management, and Cognition-Targeted Exercise Therapy in Chronic Whiplash Disorders
Malfliet, A., Lenoir, D., Murillo, C., Huysmans, E., Cagnie, B. J., Meeus, M., Willaert, W., Ickmans, K., Danneels, L. A., Bontinck, J., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.26674 · Cited by 8
Protocol for a Parallel Group Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Telerehabilitation Intervention to Usual Physical Therapy for Latino Patients With Chronic Spine Pain
Gombatto, S. P., Archer, K. R., Wegener, S. T., Hernandez, Y., Lin, S., Godino, J., Dyke, J. V., Liu, J., & Monroe, K. S. (2023) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad068 · Cited by 8
The processes underpinning reductions in disability among people with chronic neck pain. A preliminary comparison between two distinct types of physiotherapy intervention
Thompson, D. P., & Woby, S. R. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1276638 · Cited by 8
Time for change: an experimental investigation of chronic pain patients' emotional and attitudinal responses to simulated opioid-tapering advice
Ashton-James, C. E., Chemke‐Dreyfus, A., Costa, D. S. J., & Glare, P. A. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001543 · Cited by 8
Pain catastrophizing: rumination is a discriminating factor among individuals with different pain characteristic
Bonafé, F. S. S., Campos, L. A., Marôco, J. P., & Campos, J. Á. D. B. (2019) · Brazilian Oral Research · doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0113 · Cited by 10
Patient‐reported Outcome Measures in Emergency Care Research: A Primer for Researchers, Peer Reviewers, and Readers
Kim, H. S., Courtney, D. M., McCarthy, D. M., & Cella, D. F. (2020) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13918 · Cited by 8
Transition From Acute to Chronic Pain in Lower Extremity Fracture Patients
Griffioen, M. A., Glutting, J. J., O’Toole, R. V., Starkweather, A. R., Lyon, D., Dorsey, S. G., & Renn, C. L. (2020) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000407 · Cited by 8
The role of self-efficacy and catastrophizing in explaining improvements in disability, pain and fatigue among patients with chronic widespread pain treated with physiotherapy: an exploratory analysis
Thompson, D. P., Antcliff, D., & Woby, S. R. (2021) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2021.03.009 · Cited by 8
Cognitions and physical impairments in relation to upper limb function in women with pain and myofascial dysfunctions in the late stage after breast cancer surgery: an exploratory cross-sectional study
Baets, L. D., Devoogdt, N., Haenen, V., Evenepoel, M., Dams, L., Smeets, A., Neven, P., Geraerts, I., Vrieze, T. D., & Groef, A. D. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1931482 · Cited by 8
Addressing opioid medication misuse at point of service in community pharmacy: A study protocol for an interdisciplinary behavioral health trial
Cochran, G., Shen, J., Cox, N., Field, C. A., Carlston, K., Sengpraseut, B., White, A., Okifuji, A., Jackman, C., Haaland, B. A., et al. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106759 · Cited by 8
Randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy versus mindfulness for people with rheumatoid arthritis with and without a history of recurrent depression: study protocol and design
Menzies, R. E., Sharpe, L., Richmond, B., Dudeney, J. E., Todd, J., Szabó, M., Sesel, A.-L., & Dear, B. F. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056504 · Cited by 9
Sedentary Behavior and Pain after Physical Activity in Women with Fibromyalgia—The Influence of Pain-Avoidance Goals and Catastrophizing
Gutiérrez, L., Écija, C., Catalá, P., & Peñacoba, C. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11010154 · Cited by 10
Examining the Factor Structure of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) as a Measure of Victim Response to the Psychological Pain of Subtle Workplace Bullying
Karpinski, A. C., Dzurec, L. C., Fitzgerald, S. M., Bromley, G. E., & Meyers, T. W. (2013) · Journal of Nursing Measurement · doi:10.1891/1061-3749.21.2.264 · Cited by 9
Pain Catastrophizing for Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
Park, J., Kim, H., Kim, K., & Kim, M. (2015) · Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain · doi:10.14476/jomp.2015.40.2.47 · Cited by 8
Management of patients with functional neurological symptoms: a single-centre randomised controlled trial
Pleizier, M., de Haan, R. J., & Vermeulen, M. (2017) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2015-312889 · Cited by 8
Protocol for a placebo-controlled, within-participants crossover trial evaluating the efficacy of intranasal oxytocin to improve pain and function among women with chronic pelvic musculoskeletal pain
Rash, J. A., Toivonen, K., Robert, M., Nasr‐Esfahani, M., Jarrell, J. F., & Campbell, T. S. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014909 · Cited by 8
Changes in pain, daily occupations, lifestyle, and health following an occupational therapy lifestyle intervention: a secondary analysis from a feasibility study in patients with chronic high-impact pain
Nielsen, S. S., Skou, S. T., Larsen, A. E., Polianskis, R., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Østergaard, A. S., Kjær-Staal Petersen, K., Vægter, H. B., Søndergaard, J., & Christensen, J. R. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2023-0043 · Cited by 7
PTSD symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and pain outcomes after acute orthopedic injury
McDermott, K. A., Rush, C. L., Pham, T. V., Hooker, J. E., Louis, C. C., Rochon, E. A., & Vranceanu, A. (2024) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnae068 · Cited by 7
Is One Enough? The Effectiveness of a Single Session of Education and Exercise Compared to Multiple Sessions of a Multimodal Physiotherapy Intervention for Adults With Spinal Disorders in an Advanced Practice Physiotherapy Model of Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Lafrance, S., Santaguida, C., Perreault, K., Bath, B. L., Hébert, L. J., Feldman, D. E., Thavorn, K., Fernandes, J., & Desmeules, F. (2024) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12618 · Cited by 7
Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions on Pain Catastrophizing in People with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Carvajal-Parodi, C., Rossel, P. O., Rodríguez-Alvarado, A., Guede-Rojas, F., & Ponce‐González, J. G. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14113782 · Cited by 7
Dexamethasone, but Not Esketamine, Reduces Rebound Pain After Interscalene Nerve Block: A Randomized Factorial Trial
Yao, J., Wang, C., Szmuk, P., Xu, C., Pu, S., Lu, J., & Du, D. (2025) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s569175 · Cited by 7
Pain Appraisals in Patients with Physical Injury: Assessing the Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship between Depression and Pain Catastrophizing
Hruschak, V., Yuan, Y., Ringwald, W. R., Beaugard, C. A., Repine, M. J., Pacella‐LaBarbara, M. L., Rosen, D., & Cochran, G. (2021) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/hlab021 · Cited by 7
Questionnaire and structural imaging data accurately predict headache improvement in patients with acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury
Mao, L., Li, J., Schwedt, T. J., Berisha, V., Nikjou, D., Wu, T., Dumkrieger, G. M., Ross, K., & Chong, C. D. (2023) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/03331024231172736 · Cited by 7
The safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation and exercise therapy for the treatment of cervicogenic headaches: A randomized pilot trial
Jobin, K., Smith, A. D., Campbell, C., Schabrun, S. M., Galarneau, J.-M. F., Schneider, K., & Debert, C. T. (2025) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.14887 · Cited by 9
Cognitive behavioural therapy‐informed physiotherapy for patellofemoral pain: A feasibility study
Kedroff, L., Lun, A. L. K., Shimoni, D., & Bearne, L. (2019) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1429 · Cited by 7
Motivational nondirective resonance breathing versus transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of fibromyalgia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Paccione, C. E., Diep, L. M., Stubhaug, A., & Jacobsen, H. B. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04703-6 · Cited by 7
Restriction of range effects in post–metabolic and bariatric surgery outcomes research: considerations for clinical decision making
Schreyer, C. C., Salwen‐Deremer, J. K., Montanari, A., & Coughlin, J. W. (2021) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2021.11.022 · Cited by 7
Chronic pain experience through COVID-19: a comparison of reports prior and during the early stages of the pandemic
Buckley, L., Sterling, M. M., & Elphinston, R. A. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002724 · Cited by 8
The Interaction Between Psychosocial Factors and Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia in Pain-Free Nurses
Johnsen, K., Owen, P. J., Tagliaferri, S. D., Oosterwijck, J. V., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Ford, J. J., Belavý, D. L., & Miller, C. T. (2023) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s386440 · Cited by 11
Identifying Clinical Phenotypes in People Who Are Hispanic/Latino With Chronic Low Back Pain: Use of Sensor-Based Measures of Posture and Movement, Pain, and Psychological Factors
Gombatto, S. P., Bailey, B., Bari, M., Bouchekara, J., Holmes, A. J., Lenz, S., Simmonds, K., Vonarb, A., Whelehon, K., Batalla, C. R., et al. (2024) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad185 · Cited by 8
Can a specific biobehavioral-based therapeutic education program lead to changes in pain perception and brain plasticity biomarkers in chronic pain patients? A study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Di‐Bonaventura, S., Fernández‐Carnero, J., & Peña, R. F. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289430 · Cited by 7
Psychophysical and Patient Factors as Determinants of Pain, Function and Health Status in Shoulder Disorders
Uddin, Z., MacDermid, J. C., Moro, J. K., Galea, V., & Gross, A. (2016) · The Open Orthopaedics Journal · doi:10.2174/1874325001610010466 · Cited by 7
Utility of Patient-reported Symptoms and Health Conditions for Predicting Surgical Candidacy and Utilization of Surgery via an Outpatient Spine Clinic Nomogram
Pennington, Z. A., Lubelski, D., Tanenbaum, J., Ahmed, A. K., Rosato, M., Passias, P. G., & Sciubba, D. M. (2019) · Clinical Spine Surgery A Spine Publication · doi:10.1097/bsd.0000000000000838 · Cited by 7
Memory for non-painful auditory items is influenced by whether they are experienced in a context involving painful electrical stimulation
Vogt, K. M., Norton, C. M., Speer, L. E., Tremel, J. J., Ibinson, J. W., Reder, L. M., & Fiez, J. A. (2019) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05534-x · Cited by 6
The relationship between indicators of lumbo-pelvic coordination and pain, disability, pain catastrophizing and depression in patients presenting with non-chronic low back pain
Salt, E. G., Wiggins, A. T., Rayens, M. K., Hooker, Q. L., Shojaei, I., & Bazrgari, B. (2020) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2020.1755059 · Cited by 7
Neuropathic Pain in Hand Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Magni, N., Collier, J., McNair, P. J., & Rice, D. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10194439 · Cited by 7
Psychological and Behavioral Assessment
Seng, E. K., Kerns, R. D., & Heapy, A. A. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-08340-9.00016-5 · Cited by 7
Risk Factors for Self-Harm Ideation among Persons Treated with Opioids for Chronic Low Back Pain
Jamison, R. N., Edwards, R. R., Brown, R., Barrett, B. P., Burzinski, C. A., Lennon, R. P., Nakamura, Y., Schiefelbein, T., Garland, E. L., & Zgierska, A. E. (2023) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001161 · Cited by 6
Biopsychosocial contributors to irritability in individuals with shoulder or low back pain
Wilson, A. T., Hanney, W. J., Richardson, R. M., Klausner, S. H., & Bialosky, J. E. (2023) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2023.2294679 · Cited by 6
Exploring the connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the modulatory impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation in adolescents with depression: a focus on pain-related cognitive processing
Qiao, D., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Wen, Y., Zhang, X., Ma, L., Li, G., Yang, C., & Liu, Z. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06321-x · Cited by 5
Higher pain catastrophizing scale is associated with more postoperative pain within the first week after rotator cuff repair
Stein, A., Hardy, A., Moussa, M., Bauer, T., & Werthel, J.-D. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics · doi:10.1002/jeo2.70359 · Cited by 6
The development of a novel questionnaire assessing alterations in central pain processing in people with and without chronic pain
Austin, P., Asghari, A., Costa, D. S. J., & Siddall, P. J. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2019-0087 · Cited by 6
Human assumed central sensitisation (HACS) in patients with chronic low back pain radiating to the leg (CLaSSICO study)
Schuttert, I., Timmerman, H., Groen, G. J., Petersen, K. K., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., & Wolff, A. P. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052703 · Cited by 6
Predictive Validity and Patterns of Change Over Time of the Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization Scale: A Trajectory Analysis of Patients Seen by the Transitional Pain Service Up to Two Years After Surgery
Fashler, S. R., Pagé, M. G., Svendrovski, A., Flora, D. B., Slepian, P. M., Weinrib, A., Huang, A., Fiorellino, J., Clarke, H. A., & Katz, J. D. (2022) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s370497 · Cited by 7
Clinical hypnosis can reduce lower urinary tract symptoms in individuals with chronic pain
McKernan, L. C., Connors, E. L., Ryden, A. M., Finn, M. T. M., Kim, A., Vandekar, S., Dmochowski, R. R., & Reynolds, W. M. (2022) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.25090 · Cited by 6
Psychometric properties of the Fatigue Catastrophizing Scale in a general population and its clinical utility in schizophrenia and breast cancer patients
Laraki, Y., Merenciano, M., Michel, A., Lebrun, C., Capdevielle, D., & Raffard, S. (2023) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2023.2293383 · Cited by 7
The safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with conservative treatment for patients with cervicogenic headaches: A double-blinded randomized control study protocol
Jobin, K., Campbell, C., Schabrun, S. M., Schneider, K., Smith, A. D., & Debert, C. T. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101370 · Cited by 8
Differences in Plasma BDNF Levels Between Chronic Primary Musculoskeletal Pain, Fibromyalgia Syndrome, and Asymptomatic Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study
Di‐Bonaventura, S., Gurdiel‐Álvarez, F., Reina‐Varona, Á., Pacheco-Barrios, K., Álvarez, M. M., Josué, F.-C., & Peña, R. F. (2025) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/10998004251313741 · Cited by 6
Management of a Patient With Acute Acetabular Labral Tear and Femoral Acetabular Impingement With Intra-articular Steroid Injection and a Neuromotor Training Program
Narveson, J. R., Haberl, M. D., & Grabowski, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6573 · Cited by 7
Impact of a 12-week open-label placebo treatment on headache days in episodic and chronic migraine: a study protocol for a parallel-group, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Schmidt, K., Kleine‐Borgmann, J., Holle, D., Gaul, C., & Bingel, U. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045969 · Cited by 6
Relationship of psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal pain among individuals with newly acquired spinal cord injury
Finley, M. A., Euiler, E., Baehr, L. A., Gracely, E. J., Brownsberger, M. G., Schmidt-Read, M., Frye, S. K., Kallins, M., Summers, A., York, H. S., et al. (2021) · Spinal Cord Series and Cases · doi:10.1038/s41394-021-00415-4 · Cited by 8
A bifactor structural model of the Hungarian Pain Catastrophizing Scale and latent classes of a clinical sample
Galambos, A., Stoll, D. P., Bolczár, S., Lazáry, Á., Urbán, R., & Kökönyei, G. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08026 · Cited by 6
Orofacial Pain and Snoring/Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Individuals with Head and Neck Cancer: A Critical Review
Fabbro, C. D., Harris, P., Dufresne, E., Babiloni, A. H., Mayer, P., Bahig, H., Filion, É., Nguyen, F., Ghannoum, J., Schmittbuhl, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache · doi:10.11607/ofph.3176 · Cited by 6
Chronic Pelvic Pain Profiles in Women Seeking Care in a Tertiary Pelvic Pain Clinic
Li, R., Kreher, D. A., Gubbels, A. L., & Palermo, T. M. (2022) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnac122 · Cited by 6
Protocol of identical exercise programs with and without specific breathing techniques for the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain: randomized feasibility trial with two-month follow-up
Mikkonen, J., Luomajoki, H. A., Airaksinen, O., Goubert, L., & Leinonen, V. (2023) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06434-6 · Cited by 6
Cross-cultural translation and psychometric validation of the French version of the Fear-Avoidance Components Scale (FACS)
Duport, A., Bédard, S., Raynauld, C., Bordeleau, M., Neblett, R., Balg, F., Devanne, H., & Léonard, G. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288899 · Cited by 9
A Qualitative Analysis of the Impact of Preoperative Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Experiences
Reynolds, K., Sommer, J. L., Roy, R., Kornelsen, J., Mackenzie, C. S., & El-Gabalawy, R. M. (2024) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2024.04.002 · Cited by 5
Prognostic factors for the development of upper limb dysfunctions after breast cancer: the UPLIFT-BC prospective longitudinal cohort study protocol
Groef, A. D., Vets, N., Devoogdt, N., Smeets, A., Assche, D. V., Emmerzaal, J., Dams, L., Verbeelen, K., Fieuws, S., & Baets, L. D. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084882 · Cited by 6
Startle modulation by heat pain with varying threat levels in chronic pain patients and pain-free controls
Horn‐Hofmann, C., Wolf, D., Wolff, S., Heesen, M. A., Knippenberg-Bigge, K., Lang, P. M., & Lautenbacher, S. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s136416 · Cited by 6
Augmenting conventional treatment of non-specific low back pain with progressive goal attainment programme
Ogunlana, M. O., Odole, A. C., Adejumo, A. O., Olagbegi, O. M., & Williams, O. O. (2018) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1080/10833196.2018.1454034 · Cited by 6
Comparisons of Conditioned Pain Modulation and Physical Activity Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Adults
Umeda, M., & Escobedo, T. (2018) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-018-00544-x · Cited by 6
The influence of nociceptive and neuropathic pain states on the processing of acute electrical nociceptive stimulation: A dynamic causal modeling study
Goudman, L., Marinazzo, D., de Steen, F. V., Nagels, G., Smedt, A. D., Huysmans, E., Putman, K. D., Buyl, R., Ickmans, K., Nijs, J., et al. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146728 · Cited by 6
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Assessment of Brain Metabolite Concentrations in Individuals With Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorder
Farrell, S. F., Cowin, G., Pedler, A. R., Durbridge, G., de Zoete, R. M. J., & Sterling, M. M. (2020) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000890 · Cited by 7
Delivery of a Group Hypnosis Protocol for Managing Chronic Pain in Outpatient Integrative Medicine
McKernan, L. C., Finn, M. T. M., Crofford, L. J., Kelly, A. G., Patterson, D. R., & Jensen, M. P. (2022) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2022.2096455 · Cited by 6
Spanish version of "pain catastrophizing scale": Psychometric study in healthy women
Hernández, M. J. L., de Vaca, P. M. N.-C., Miró, E., & Gómez, A. I. S. (2013) · Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud · Cited by 11
Telephone-Based Versus In-Person Delivery of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Veterans with Chronic Multisymptom Illness: A Controlled, Randomized Trial
McAndrew, L. M., Greenberg, L. M., Ciccone, D. S., Helmer, D. A., & Chandler, H. K. (2017) · Military Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/21635781.2017.1337594 · Cited by 6
“I battle pain every single day”: Pain-related illness intrusiveness among persons with multiple sclerosis.
Gromisch, E. S., Kerns, R. D., & Beauvais, J. E. (2019) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000273 · Cited by 7
Determinants of perceived need for dental pain medication
Pau, A. K. H., Croucher, R., & Marcenes, W. S. (2007) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00396.x · Cited by 6
A telephonic mindfulness-based intervention for persons with sickle cell disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Williams, H., Silva, S. G., Simmons, L. A., & Tanabe, P. J. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1948-x · Cited by 6
A Clinical Intervention in Chronic Pain and Insomnia with a Combined Model of Treatment: A Test of Concept
Bryson, W. J., Read, J. B., Bush, J. P., & Edwards, C. L. (2014) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-014-0194-3 · Cited by 5
Outcomes After Surgery at an Interdisciplinary Centre of Expertise for Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain in Canada: A Prospective Cohort Study
Lee, C. E., Allaire, C., Williams, C., Bedaiwy, M. A., Noga, H. L., Hanley, G. E., Lisonkova, S., Albert, A., & Yong, P. J. (2024) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2023.102246 · Cited by 6
Effects of a Mat Pilates Exercise Program Associated with Photobiomodulation Therapy in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial
Merlo, J. K., da Silva, A. V., Casonatto, J., Ribeiro, A. S., de Oliveira, E., do Nascimento, A. P., de Oliveira, R. G., Buzzachera, C. F., da Silva, R. A., & Aguiar, A. F. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12141416 · Cited by 5
Anxiety sensitivity in the perinatal period: A scoping review
Zimmermann, M., Mahanna, A., Shashkova, E., Drouhard, R., Carr, C., Sheldrick, R. C., Boudreaux, E. D., Schmidt, N. B., & Byatt, N. (2025) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2025.200397 · Cited by 6
Validation of the Centrality of Pain Scale in Chinese-Speaking Patients with Painful Temporomandibular Disorders
Wang, M., He, S., & Ji, P. (2018) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pny207 · Cited by 5
Efficacy of a Psychologically-Informed Physiotherapy Intervention in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain at High Risk of Poor Prognosis: A Pilot and Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Desgagnés, A., Côté‐Picard, C., Gaumond, A., Langevin, P., Piché, M., Pagé, M. G., Pinard, A.-M., Tousignant‐Laflamme, Y., & Massé‐Alarie, H. (2024) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/ptc-2023-0038 · Cited by 5
The role of sex, age, and BMI in treatment decisions for knee osteoarthritis: conservative management versus total knee replacement
Ojeda, F., Tío, L., Castro-Dominguez, F., Tassani, S., Noailly, J., & Monfort, J. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-025-05552-2 · Cited by 5
Online questionnaire, clinical and biomechanical measurements for outcome prediction of plantar heel pain: feasibility for a cohort study
Gülle, H., Prior, T. D., Miller, S., Birn‐Jeffery, A. V., & Morrissey, D. (2021) · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · doi:10.1186/s13047-021-00472-w · Cited by 5
Exploring pain characteristics in nulliparous women; A precursor to developing support for women in the latent phase of labour
Clark, C., Kalanavičiūtė, G., Bartholomew, V., Cheyne, H., & Hundley, V. A. (2021) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103174 · Cited by 5
Further exploring the relationship between pressure pain thresholds and function in knee osteoarthritis
Jaber, K., McAuliffe, M. J., Pedler, A. R., Sterling, M. M., & O’Leary, S. P. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102542 · Cited by 5
Embedded emergency department physical therapy versus usual care for acute low back pain: a protocol for the NEED-PT randomised trial
Kim, H. S., Muschong, K. M., Fishman, I. L., Schauer, J. M., Seitz, A. L., Strickland, K. J., Lambert, B. L., McCarthy, D. M., Vu, M. H., & Ciolino, J. D. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061283 · Cited by 5
Identifying molecular mechanisms of acute to chronic pain transition and potential drug targets
Aravagiri, K., Ali, A., Wang, H. C., Candido, K. D., & Knežević, N. N. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2022.2137404 · Cited by 5
Does peripheral neuroinflammation predict chronicity following whiplash injury? Protocol for a prospective cohort study
Ridehalgh, C., Fundaun, J., Bremner, S. A., Cercignani, M., Young, R. C. D., Trivedy, C., Novak, A., Greening, J., Schmid, A. B., & Dilley, A. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066021 · Cited by 5
Deformity Correction in Ankle Osteoarthritis Using a Lateral Trans-Fibular Total Ankle Replacement: A Weight-Bearing CT Assessment.
VandeLune, C. A., Mansur, N. S. B., Iehl, C. J., Tazegul, T., Ahrenholz, S. J., de Carvalho, K. A. M., & Netto, C. D. C. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 5
Change in Pain During Physical Activity Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: Associations With Improved Physical Function and Decreased Situational Pain Catastrophizing
Wilson, J. M., Madden, V. J., Pester, B., Yoon, J., Papianou, L. N., Meints, S. M., Campbell, C. M., Smith, M. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Edwards, R. R., et al. (2023) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igad045 · Cited by 6
Case Study: Cognitive Restructuring Hypnosis for Chronic Pain in a Quadriplegic Patient
de la Vega, R., Mendoza, M. E., Chan, J. F., & Jensen, M. P. (2019) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.2018.1537973 · Cited by 5
Processing of Laser-Evoked Potentials in Patients with Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Healthy Controls: A Case–Control Study
Goudman, L., Daenen, L., Mouraux, A., Nijs, J., Cras, P. P., Roussel, N. A., Moens, M., Coppieters, I., Huysmans, E., & Kooning, M. D. (2020) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa068 · Cited by 5
Effects of the Characteristics and Duration of Chronic Pain on Psychosomatic Function in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population
Hida, M., Nakamura, M., Imaoka, M., Nakao, H., Tasaki, F., Omizu, T., Takeda, M., Ohnishi, T., & Wada, C. (2020) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2020/4714527 · Cited by 5

Authors: Osman, A., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., Hauptmann, W., Jones, J., & O'Neill, E.
Affiliations: University of Northern Iowa (US)
ORCID: Osman, Augustine
Venue: Journal of Behavioral Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1997-12
Volume: 20
Issue: 6
Pages: 589-605
ISSN: 0160-7715 (ISSN-L)
1573-3521
DOI: 10.1023/a:1025570508954
OpenAlex: W1604676280
Cited by: 881
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 0.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Journal of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Pain Catastrophizing Scale, pain catastrophizing, rumination, magnification, helplessness, factor structure, psychometric validation, gender differences, predictive validity, internal consistency
MeSH terms: Adult, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Pain, Pain Measurement, Psychometrics, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Case-Control Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks