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Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Abstract
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS; Sullivan et al., Psychol. Assess. 7, 524-532, 1995) has recently been developed to assess three components of catastrophizing: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. We conducted three studies to evaluate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the PCS. In Study I, we conducted principal-components analysis with oblique rotation to replicate the three factors of the PCS. Gender differences on the original PCS subscales were also analyzed. In Study II, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the adequacy of fit of four alternative models. We also evaluated evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study III, we evaluated the ability of the PCS and subscales to differentiate between the responses of clinic (students seeking treatment) and nonclinic undergraduate samples. Also, in the clinic sample, we evaluated evidence of concurrent and predictive validity for the PCS. The internal consistency reliability indices for the total PCS and subscales were examined in all three studies. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
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“This is a validated measure of the propensity to attend to present-moment experiences in the context of daily life.”
From Risk Factors for Self-Harm Ideation among Persons Treated with Opioids for Chronic Low Back Pain (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
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“This is a valid and reliable 13-item instrument that examines components of catastrophizing (rumination, magnification, and helplessness) associated with chronic pain”
From Risk Factors for Self-Harm Ideation among Persons Treated with Opioids for Chronic Low Back Pain (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Osman, A., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., Hauptmann, W., Jones, J., & O'Neill, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Northern Iowa (US)
- ORCID
- Osman, Augustine
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 589-605
- ISSN
- 0160-7715 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3521
- OpenAlex
- W1604676280
- Cited by
- 881
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale, pain catastrophizing, rumination, magnification, helplessness, factor structure, psychometric validation, gender differences, predictive validity, internal consistency
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Pain, Pain Measurement, Psychometrics, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Case-Control Studies
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