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Underemployment: Consequences for the Health and Well‐Being of Workers
Abstract
This paper addresses the question of how the adequacy of a person's employment status influences their health. We draw on and extend the Labor Utilization Framework to distinguish between different forms of underemployment (hours, income, skills, and status) and test their relative effects on a range of physical health and psychological well‐being outcomes. Using data drawn from a nationally representative sample ( N =1,429) of adults of working age, we assess the concurrent effects of underemployment through a longitudinal design that controls for prior levels of health and well‐being. The results indicate that underemployed workers do report lower levels of health and well‐being than adequately employed workers. However, the relationship varies by both types of underemployment and indicator of health and well‐being. We conclude by discussing future research to explore the relationship between underemployment and health and well‐being.
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“Research thus far has demonstrated that underemployment is typically associated with lower levels of health and well-being.12–14”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Friedland, D. S., & Price, R. H.
- Affiliations
- International Survey Research Walnut Creek California
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Friedland, Daniel S.
- ORCID
- Price, Richard H.
- Venue
- American Journal of Community Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 33-45
- ISSN
- 0091-0562 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2770
- OpenAlex
- W1491118310
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 23.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Community Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30 MH 38330, P30MH038330)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- underemployment, employee health, psychological well-being, physical health, working hours, income adequacy, skills mismatch, employment status, working-age adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depression, Employment, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychology
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