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Cited by 576Employment and Welfare StudiesWorkplace Health and Well-beingHealth disparities and outcomes

Health and unemployment

Dooley, D, Fielding, J, Levi, L·1996·Annual Review of Public Health
DOI 10.1146/annurev.pu.17.050196.002313
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Abstract

This paper reviews the relationship between health and inadequate employment, especially unemployment. Poor physical or mental health can lead, via poor work performance, to job loss; however, studies that control for such selection effects are still scarce except for a few health outcomes. For example, aggregate-level studies typically find a positive association between unemployment and suicide rates over time. At the individual level of analysis, panel surveys of laid-off workers tend to find increased psychiatric problems such as depression and substance abuse. Few studies have evaluated interventions to prevent or reduce the adverse health effects of job loss. There have been even fewer studies of the health effects of other types of inadequate employment such as the increasingly prevalent forms of underemployment.

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  • Under- and unemployment are associated with negative health effects including increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, higher rates of mental health hospitalization, pain, alcohol abuse, and suicide.

    “The negative health effects of under- and unemployment, or insufficient employment, are well known,2 including increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and higher rates of mental health hospitalization, pain, alcohol abuse, and suicide.3–6”

    From Feasibility and Acceptability of a Community-Based Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for the Under- and Unemployed (2020) · cites this paper as [5]

  • Depression is known to be associated with unemployment, but most research has emphasized job loss causing depression rather than depression causing job loss; history of mental disorders as of completing schooling predicts current unemployment and work disability, but only in high-income countries, raising the possibility that major depressive disorder becomes more detrimental as work complexityin

    “Although depression is known to be associated with unemployment, most research on this association has emphasized the impact of job loss on depression rather than depression as a risk factor for job loss.33 A recent analysis from the WMH surveys documented the latter association by showing that history of mental disorders as of the age of completing schooling predicted current (at the time of”

    From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [33]

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Authors
Dooley, D., Fielding, J., & Levi, L.
Affiliations
University of California, Irvine (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Public Health
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
1996-01
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
449-465
ISSN
  • 0163-7525 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2093
DOI
10.1146/annurev.pu.17.050196.002313
OpenAlex
W2003764353
Cited by
576
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 23
FWCI
11.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords
unemployment, health, job loss, underemployment, mental health, depression, substance abuse, suicide, laid-off workers, selection effects, employee performance, health interventions
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Mental Disorders, Health Status, Humans, Mental Health, Research Design, Risk Factors, Suicide, Unemployment, United States

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