The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nonlocal Hidden-Variable Theories and Quantum Mechanics: An Incompatibility Theorem
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In a novel approach, Leggett (2003) discussed a broad class of nonlocal hidden-variable theories, which, based on a very plausible type of realism, provide an explanation for all existing Bell-type experiments.”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Leggett (2003)
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, they are in conflict with quantum predictions as shown theoretically by Leggett (2003), and experimentally by Göblacher et all (2007).”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Leggett (2003)
Citations
Cites
Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?
Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., & Rosen, N. (1935) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.47.777 · Cited by 16,654
On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox
Bell, J. S. (1964) · Physics Physique Fizika · doi:10.1103/physicsphysiquefizika.1.195 · Cited by 12,252
Proposed Experiment to Test Local Hidden-Variable Theories
Clauser, J. F., Horne, M. A., Shimony, A., & Holt, R. A. (1969) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.23.880 · Cited by 7,573
On the Problem of Hidden Variables in Quantum Mechanics
BELL, J. S. (1966) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.38.447 · Cited by 2,845
Violation of Bell's Inequality under Strict Einstein Locality Conditions
Weihs, G., Jennewein, T., Simon, C., Weinfurter, H., & Zeilinger, A. (1998) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.5039 · Cited by 1,643
Bell's theorem. Experimental tests and implications
Clauser, J. F., & Shimony, A. (1978) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/41/12/002 · Cited by 1,551
Experimental consequences of objective local theories
Clauser, J. F., & Horne, M. A. (1974) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.10.526 · Cited by 1,537
On the Physical Significance of the Locality Conditions in the Bell Arguments
Jarrett, J. P. (1984) · Noûs · doi:10.2307/2214878 · Cited by 435
A Survey of Hidden-Variables Theories
Belinfante, F. J., & Ballentine, L. E. (1974) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3128919 · Cited by 163
Time symmetry and the Einstein paradox. - II
de Beauregard, O. C. (1979) · Il Nuovo cimento della Società italiana di fisica. B/Il Nuovo cimento B · doi:10.1007/bf02743436 · Cited by 63
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- S. Kochen and J. Specker, J. Math. Mech. 17, 59(1967).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 286
Violation of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
Nagata, K., & Nakamura, T. (2015) · OALib · doi:10.4236/oalib.1101797 · Cited by 11
There is No Axiomatic System for the Quantum Theory
Nagata, K. (2009) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-009-0158-z · Cited by 10
An impossibility theorem for parameter independent hidden variable theories
Leegwater, G. (2016) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics · doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2016.01.003 · Cited by 10
Energy Conversion Mechanics for Photon Emission per Non-Local Hidden-Variable Theory
Pons, D. J., Pons, A. D., & Pons, A. J. (2016) · Journal of Modern Physics · doi:10.4236/jmp.2016.710094 · Cited by 10
Guo, Y. R., & Luo, S. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.062206 · Cited by 9
A Physical Basis for Entanglement in a Non-Local Hidden Variable Theory
Pons, D. J., Pons, A. D., & Pons, A. J. (2017) · Journal of Modern Physics · doi:10.4236/jmp.2017.88082 · Cited by 9
Belinsky, A. V., & Klevtsov, A. A. (2017) · Physics-Uspekhi · doi:10.3367/ufne.2017.09.038210 · Cited by 9
Entangled photons from single atoms and molecules
Nordén, B. (2018) · Chemical Physics · doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.04.001 · Cited by 10
Bell’s inequality, Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen arguments and von Neumann’s projection postulate
Khrennikov, A. Y. (2009) · Laser Physics · doi:10.1134/s1054660x09020297 · Cited by 8
The quark-gluon plasma and the stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics
Davidson, M. P. (2009) · Physica E Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures · doi:10.1016/j.physe.2009.06.076 · Cited by 9
Complementarity between signaling and local indeterminacy
Aravinda, S., & Srikanth, R. (2015) · Quantum Information and Computation · doi:10.26421/qic15.3-4-6 · Cited by 9
A Physical Explanation for Particle Spin
Pons, D. J., Pons, A., & Pons, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Modern Physics · doi:10.4236/jmp.2019.107056 · Cited by 8
How and when did locality become ‘local realism’? A historical and critical analysis (1963–1978)
Laudisa, F. (2022) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.11.008 · Cited by 8
Pons, D. J., Pons, A. D., & Pons, A. J. (2016) · Journal of Modern Physics · doi:10.4236/jmp.2016.710113 · Cited by 8
Concerted processes in supercritical fluids
Тимашев, С. Ф., Соловьева, А. Б., Buslaeva, E. Y., & Губин, С. П. (2012) · Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1134/s0036024413010305 · Cited by 8
Bohmian Non-commutative Dynamics: History and New DevelopmentsPreprint
Hiley, B. J. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1303.6057 · Cited by 10
Measurement Theory in Deutsch’s Algorithm Based on the Truth Values
Nagata, K., & Nakamura, T. (2016) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-016-2990-2 · Cited by 7
Which-way identification by an asymmetrical double-slit experiment with monochromatic photons
Van, T. V., & Duc, V. V. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07662-x · Cited by 7
Testing Leggett's Inequality Using Aharonov-Casher Effect
Su, H.-Y., Chen, J.-L., Wu, C., Deng, D.-L., & Oh, C. H. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02492 · Cited by 8
Spin-parity effect in violation of Bell’s inequalities for entangled states of parallel polarization
Zhang, H., Wang, J., Song, Z., Liang, J.-Q., & Wei, L.-F. (2017) · Modern Physics Letters B · doi:10.1142/s0217984917500324 · Cited by 7
Pair Production Explained in a Hidden Variable Theory
Pons, D. J., Pons, A. D., & Pons, A. J. (2014) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · Cited by 6
Investigations of fundamental phenomena in quantum mechanics with neutrons
Hasegawa, Y. (2014) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/504/1/012025 · Cited by 6
An effective way of characterizing the quantum nonlocality
Yang, M.-C., Li, J., & Qiao, C. (2023) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-023-04003-3 · Cited by 6
Branciard, C. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.88.042113 · Cited by 6
Implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm violates nonlocal realism
Nagata, K. (2009) · The European Physical Journal D · doi:10.1140/epjd/e2009-00303-6 · Cited by 6
Quantum Mechanics is Incomplete but it is Consistent with Locality
Perlman, H. S. (2017) · Foundations of Physics · doi:10.1007/s10701-017-0111-6 · Cited by 6
Extending quantum mechanics entails extending special relativity
Aravinda, S., & Srikanth, R. (2016) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8113/49/20/205302 · Cited by 6
A possible solution to the which-way problem by asymmetrical double-slit experiments
Van, T. V. (2021) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ac1a4a · Cited by 6
Time and nonlocal realism: Consequences of the before-before experimentPreprint
Suárez, A. (2007) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0708.1997 · Cited by 8
The Minimal Modal Interpretation of Quantum TheoryPreprint
Barandes, J. A., & Kagan, D. (2014) · PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1405.6755 · Cited by 10
Spin Helicity and the Disproof of Bell’s Theorem
Sanctuary, B. (2024) · Quantum Reports · doi:10.3390/quantum6030028 · Cited by 5
Is a description deeper than the quantum one possible?
Ghirardi, G. C., & Romano, R. (2014) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2014/t163/014028 · Cited by 5
On Nonlocality of Quantum Objects
Belinsky, A. V., & Zhukovskiy, A. K. (2016) · Journal of Russian Laser Research · doi:10.1007/s10946-016-9604-6 · Cited by 5
On the phase uncertainty of Fock states and “nonlocal realism”
Belinsky, A. V. (2016) · Moscow University Physics Bulletin · doi:10.3103/s0027134916050052 · Cited by 5
Projection of a quantum state on eigenstates of average Hamiltonian
Lee, J., & Khitrin, A. K. (2009) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2009.02.013 · Cited by 5
SPIN-PARITY EFFECT IN VIOLATION OF BELL'S INEQUALITIES
Song, Z., Liang, J.-Q., & Wei, L. F. (2013) · Modern Physics Letters B · doi:10.1142/s0217984914500043 · Cited by 5
Time Invariance as an Additional Constraint on Nonlocal Realism
Nagata, K., & Nakamura, T. (2009) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-009-0129-4 · Cited by 5
Experimental violation of three families of Bell's inequalities
Vermeyden, L., Bonsma-Fisher, M., Noel, C., Donohue, J. M., Wolfe, E., & Resch, K. J. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.87.032105 · Cited by 6
Zhang, D., Qiu, X., & Chen, L. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.514423 · Cited by 5
On Bell's Theorem and Causality
Argaman, N. (2008) · Cited by 5
On the Dual Ontological Structure and Mixed Dynamics of the UniversePreprint
Kahan, D. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0714.v1 · Cited by 8
Quantifying channel incompatibility via Jordan negativity
Guo, Y. R., Luo, S., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2025.130444 · Cited by 5
Proton-Neutron Bonds in Nuclides: Cis and Trans-Phasic Assembly with the Synchronous Interaction
Pons, D. J., Pons, A., & Pons, A. J. (2013) · Cited by 4
The sounds of science—a symphony for many instruments and voices: part II
Hooft, G. ’., Phillips, W. D., Zeilinger, A., Allen, R. E., Baggott, J., Bouchet, F. R., Cantanhede, S. M. G., Castanedo, L. A. M., Cetto, A. M., Coley, A. A., et al. (2024) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ad2abe · Cited by 4
ARE QUANTUM CORRELATIONS GENUINELY QUANTUM?
Lorenzo, A. D. (2012) · International Journal of Modern Physics B · doi:10.1142/s0217979213450161 · Cited by 5
Reassessment of Leggett Inequality
Lorenzo, A. D. (2013) · Foundations of Physics · doi:10.1007/s10701-013-9710-z · Cited by 5
Kochen-Specker Theorem as a Precondition for Quantum Computing
Nagata, K., & Nakamura, T. (2016) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-016-3140-6 · Cited by 4
The Kochen-Specker Theorem Based on the Kronecker Delta
Nagata, K., Patro, S. K., & Nakamura, T. (2019) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-019-04023-9 · Cited by 4
Quantum mechanics versus relativity: an experimental test of the structure of spacetime
Emelyanov, S. A. (2012) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2012/t151/014012 · Cited by 5
Joint Distributions and Quantum Nonlocal Models
Malley, J. D., & Fletcher, A. R. (2014) · Axioms · doi:10.3390/axioms3020166 · Cited by 4
The Foundational Significance of Leggett’s Non-local Hidden-Variable Theories
Egg, M. (2013) · Foundations of Physics · doi:10.1007/s10701-013-9723-7 · Cited by 4
Quantum Mechanical Effect of Path-polarization Contextuality for a Single Photon
Pan, A. K., & Home, D. (2010) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-010-0376-4 · Cited by 4
Measurement problem and local hidden variables with entangled photons
Muchowski, E. (2017) · Open Physics · doi:10.1515/phys-2017-0106 · Cited by 4
Quantum mechanics from an epistemic state spacePreprint
Östborn, P. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.08543 · Cited by 4
Physics at the FQMT'11 conference
Špička, V., Nieuwenhuizen, T. M., & Keefe, P. D. (2012) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2012/t151/014001 · Cited by 3
Local parts of hidden variable models for maximally entangled bipartite qudits
Ghirardi, G. C., & Romano, R. (2012) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.86.022107 · Cited by 4
A Possible Origin of Quantum Correlations
Belinsky, A. V., & Shulman, M. H. (2017) · Journal of Russian Laser Research · doi:10.1007/s10946-017-9638-4 · Cited by 3
Ringbauer, M. (2017) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64988-7_5 · Cited by 3
Bypassing the Kochen–Specker Theorem: An Explicit Non-Contextual Statistical Model for the Qutrit
Oaknin, D. H. (2023) · Axioms · doi:10.3390/axioms12010090 · Cited by 3
Particle physics violating crypto-nonlocal realism
Shi, Y., & Yang, J.-C. (2020) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08430-9 · Cited by 6
Experimental test of Leggett's inequalities with solid-state spins
Huang, X., Ouyang, X., Lian, W., Zhang, W., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Yu, Y., He, L., Liu, Y., Chang, X., et al. (2020) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.102.012210 · Cited by 3
Could quantum decoherence and measurement be deterministic phenomena?
Sparenberg, J.-M., Nour, R., & Manço, A. (2013) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/epjconf/20135801016/pdf · Cited by 3
A new causal interpretation of EPR-B experiment
Gondran, M., & Gondran, A. (2012) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.4773150 · Cited by 3
New perspectives on quantum correlations
Brunner, N. (2009) · Physica E Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures · doi:10.1016/j.physe.2009.06.050 · Cited by 3
Gallus, C., Błasiak, P., & Pothos, E. M. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24030364 · Cited by 3
Belinsky, A. V., & Klevtsov, A. A. (2017) · Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk · doi:10.3367/ufnr.2017.09.038210 · Cited by 3
On the Sufficiency of the Wavefunction
Colbeck, R., & Renner, R. (2015) · Lecture notes in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46422-9_4 · Cited by 3
Rai, A., Home, D., & Majumdar, A. S. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.84.052115 · Cited by 3
Eisaman, M. D., Goldschmidt, E. A., Fan, J., & Migdall, A. L. (2008) · International Conference on Quantum Information · doi:10.1364/icqi.2008.jmb51 · Cited by 3
Violation of Bell's inequality in fluid mechanicsPreprint
Brady, R. M., & Anderson, R. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1305.6822 · Cited by 3
Ling, A., & Ling, E. J. A. (2008) · National University of Singapore · Cited by 3
Breaking the Unbreakable: Exploiting Loopholes in Bell’s Theorem to Hack Quantum Cryptography
Jogenfors, J. (2017) · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-140912 · Cited by 3
Light interference and the absence of definite values of measured quantities a priori
Belinsky, A. V. (2017) · Moscow University Physics Bulletin · doi:10.3103/s0027134917030031 · Cited by 2
Not Its Own Meaning: A Hermeneutic of the World
Kastrup, B. (2017) · Humanities · doi:10.3390/h6030055 · Cited by 3
Proposal for a loophole-free test of nonlocal realism with electron spins of donors
Hong, F.-Y., & Xiong, S.-J. (2008) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.77.052113 · Cited by 2
Arbitrary violation of the Tsirelson bound
Ghirardi, G. C., & Romano, R. (2012) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.86.022116 · Cited by 2
Laudisa, F. (2014) · Foundations of Physics · doi:10.1007/s10701-014-9787-z · Cited by 2
Distance and Similarity Measures in Generalised Quantum Theory
Gernert, D. (2010) · Axiomathes · doi:10.1007/s10516-010-9137-5 · Cited by 2
Could quantum decoherence and measurement be deterministic phenomena?
Sparenberg, J.-M., Nour, R., & Manço, A. (2013) · EPJ Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/epjconf/20135801016 · Cited by 2
Khrennikov, A. Y. (2008) · International Conference on Quantum, Nano and Micro Technologies (ICQNM) · doi:10.1109/icqnm.2008.7 · Cited by 2
Minkowski Space-Time and Quantum Mechanics
Unruh, W. G. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3475-5_5 · Cited by 2
Quantum Paradoxes and Applications of the TI
Cramer, J. G. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24642-0_6 · Cited by 2
Realism and the Physical World
Leggett, A. J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5217-8_2 · Cited by 2
Self-citationQuantum Cryptography, Quantum Communication, and Quantum Computing in a Noisy Environment
Nagata, K., Nakamura, T., & Farouk, A. (2017) · Studies in big data · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63639-9_8 · Cited by 2
Single-Photon Double-Slit Interference in the 4+1 Formalism
Strubbe, F. (2022) · Universe · doi:10.3390/universe8100511 · Cited by 2
The Bell inequalities: Commentary on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
Su, H.-Y., & Chen, J. (2022) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2022-1023 · Cited by 2
On the meaning of locality: the overlapping assumptions
Shafiee, A., & Ghahramani, F. T. (2015) · Quantum Studies Mathematics and Foundations · doi:10.1007/s40509-015-0053-7 · Cited by 2
State-dependent rotations of spins by weak measurements
Miller, D. J. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.83.032121 · Cited by 2
Scientific Realism and Quantum Mechanics: Revisiting a Controversial Relation
Panagiotatou, M. (2017) · International Studies in the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1080/02698595.2018.1463696 · Cited by 3
Leggett’s Theorem without Inequalities
Bacciagaluppi, G., Accardi, L., Adenier, G., Fuchs, C. A., Jaeger, G. S., Khrennikov, A. Y., Larsson, J.-Å., & Stenholm, S. (2009) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.3109945 · Cited by 2
A strict epistemic approach to physicsPreprint
Östborn, P. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1601.00680 · Cited by 2
Pons, D. J., & Pons, A. (2012) · viXra · Cited by 2
Bundles of Nothingness: Unravelling the Zero-Dimensional Particle Premise of Fundamental PhysicsPreprint
Pons, D. J., Pons, A., & Pons, A. J. (2012) · viXra · Cited by 2
Beyond Bell’s theorem: Admissible hidden-variable models for the spin-singletPreprint
Lorenzo, A. D. (2016) · Cited by 2
Compressible fluid leading to deterministic quantum mechanics. I. Conceptual framework
Vadász, P. (2025) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0271672 · Cited by 2
Possible Vulnerability of Bell‐Clauser‐Horne‐Shimony‐Holt Tests Used for Quantum Certification
Zela, F. D. (2025) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.202500437 · Cited by 1
Analysis of Bell-Type Experiments and Its Local Realism
Nagata, K., & Nakamura, T. (2015) · Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics · doi:10.4236/jamp.2015.37109 · Cited by 1
Explicit contextualized hidden-variable model replicating an indivisible quantum system
Plick, W. N., & Łapkiewicz, R. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.89.022108 · Cited by 1
Multiple-context event spaces and distributions: A new framework for Bell's theorems
Fogel, B. (2013) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics · doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2013.05.001 · Cited by 1
Hardy’s argument and successive spin- s measurements
Ahanj, A. (2010) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.82.012101 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Leggett, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leggett, A. J.
- Venue
- Foundations of Physics
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1469-1493
- ISSN
- 0015-9018 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9516
- OpenAlex
- W2064853335
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 0.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Foundations of Physics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Sussex
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Keywords
- Bell inequalities, photon indistinguishability, quantum nonlocality, linear polarization, quantum foundations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
