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Cited by 179Occupational and environmental lung diseasesCarcinogens and Genotoxicity AssessmentOccupational Health and Global Justice

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mortality Among Workers Employed in the Titanium Dioxide Production Industry in Europe

Boffetta, Paolo, Soutar, Anne, Cherrie, John W., Granath, Fredrik, Andersen, Aage, Anttila, Ahti, Blettner, Maria, Gaborieau, Valerie, Klug, Stefanie J., Langard, Sverre, Luce, Daniele, Merletti, Franco, Miller, Brian, Mirabelli, Dario, Pukkala, Eero, Adami, Hans-Olov, Weiderpass, Elisabete·2004·Cancer Causes & Control
DOI 10.1023/b:caco.0000036188.23970.22
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Abstract

Objectives To assess the risk of lung cancer mortality related to occupational exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2).Methods A mortality follow-up study of 15,017 workers (14,331 men) employed in 11 factories producing TiO2 in Europe. Exposure to TiO2 dust was reconstructed for each occupational title; exposure estimates were linked with the occupational history. Observed mortality was compared with national rates, and internal comparisons were based on multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results The cohort contributed 371,067 person-years of observation (3.3% were lost to follow-up and 0.7% emigrated). 2652 cohort members died during the follow-up, yielding standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-0.90) among men and 0.58 (95% CI 0.40-0.82) among women. Among men, the SMR of lung cancer was significantly increased (1.23, 95% CI 1.10-1.38); however, mortality from lung cancer did not increase with duration of employment or estimated cumulative exposure to TiO2 dust. Data on smoking were available for over one third of cohort members. In three countries, the prevalence of smokers was higher among cohort members compared to the national populations.Conclusions The results of the study do not suggest a carcinogenic effect of TiO2 dust on the human lung.

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Crossref · 10.1023/b:caco.0000036188.23970.22

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  • Some epidemiological studies estimated the association between exposure levels of TiO2 and lung cancer in humans, but none have shown statistically significant results.

    “Some epidemiological studies in different periods and regions estimated the association between the exposure levels of TiO2 and lung cancer in humans, but none have shown statistically significant results [82–84].”

    From Overview of emerging contaminants and associated human health effects (2015) · cites this paper as [82]

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Oberdöster G (1994) Extrapolation of results from animal inhalation studies with particles to humans? In: Mohr U, Dungworth DL, Mauderly JL, Oberdöster G, eds. Toxic and Carcinogenic Effects of Solid Particles in the Respiratory Tract. Washington, DC: ILSI Press, pp. 335–353.
  2. Boffetta P, Soutar A, Weiderpass E, et al. (2003) Historical Cohort Study of Workers Employed in the Titanium Dioxide Production Industry in Europe. Results of Mortality Follow-up. Final Report. Stockholm: Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet.
  3. Lindblad P, Adami HO (2002) Kidney cancer. In: Adami HO, Hunter D, Trichopoulos D, eds. Textbook of Cancer Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 467–485.

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Metadata

Authors
Boffetta, P., Soutar, A., Cherrie, J. W., Granath, F., Andersen, A., Anttila, A., Blettner, M., Gaborieau, V., Klug, S. J., Langard, S., Luce, D., Merletti, F., Miller, B., Mirabelli, D., Pukkala, E., Adami, H.-O., & Weiderpass, E.
Affiliations
  • Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
  • Institute of Occupational Medicine (GB)
  • University of Aberdeen (GB)
  • German Cancer Research Center (DE)
  • Cancer Registry of Norway (NO)
  • Finnish Cancer Registry (FI)
  • Bielefeld University (DE)
  • University of Turin (IT)
Corresponding author
Weiderpass, Elisabete
ORCID
Venue
Cancer Causes & Control
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-09
Volume
15
Issue
7
Pages
697-706
ISSN
  • 0957-5243 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-7225
DOI
10.1023/b:caco.0000036188.23970.22
OpenAlex
W1972017052
Cited by
179
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
FWCI
5.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Cancer Causes & Control (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
  • Social Sciences › Health › Occupational Health and Global Justice
Keywords
titanium dioxide, occupational exposure, lung cancer mortality, carcinogenicity, smoking, standardized mortality ratio, cumulative exposure, job tenure
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Dust, Coloring Agents, Europe, Female, Humans, Job Description, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Smoking, Titanium, Cohort Studies, Occupational Exposure, Inhalation Exposure

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