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Cited by 751Indigenous Health, Education, and RightsRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchIndigenous Cultures and History

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Historical Trauma Among American Indian People

Whitbeck, Les B., Adams, Gary W., Hoyt, Dan R., Chen, Xiaojin·2004·American Journal of Community Psychology
DOI 10.1023/b:ajcp.0000027000.77357.31
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Abstract

This article reports on the development of two measures relating to historical trauma among American Indian people: The Historical Loss Scale and The Historical Loss Associated Symptoms Scale. Measurement characteristics including frequencies, internal reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses were calculated based on 143 American Indian adult parents of children aged 10 through 12 years who are part of an ongoing longitudinal study of American Indian families in the upper Midwest. Results indicate both scales have high internal reliability. Frequencies indicate that the current generation of American Indian adults have frequent thoughts pertaining to historical losses and that they associate these losses with negative feelings. Two factors of the Historical Loss Associated Symptoms Scale indicate one anxiety/depression component and one anger/avoidance component. The results are discussed in terms of future research and theory pertaining to historical trauma among American Indian people.

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Show all 37 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Alexsandrowicz D., 1973, The child and his family, 385
  2. Chodoff P., 1969, Depression and guilt among concentration camp survivors, Existential Psychiatry, 7, 19
  3. Holmes A., 1988, The grieving Indian.
  4. Kestenberg J., 1980, Generations of Holocaust, 137
  5. Klein H., 1973, The child and his family, 67
  6. Muthen L. K., 1998, Mplus User's Guide.

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Metadata

Authors
Whitbeck, L. B., Adams, G. W., Hoyt, D. R., & Chen, X.
Affiliations
University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
Corresponding author
Whitbeck, Les B.
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Community Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-06
Volume
33
Issue
3-4
Pages
119-130
ISSN
  • 0091-0562 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2770
DOI
10.1023/b:ajcp.0000027000.77357.31
OpenAlex
W2073009850
Cited by
751
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 52 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 35
FWCI
1.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • American Journal of Community Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 13580, R01DA013580)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
Keywords
historical trauma, American Indian peoples, scale development, historical loss, anxiety and depression, Native American families
MeSH terms
Aged, Culture, Humans, Indians, North American, Life Change Events, Social Identification, Midwestern United States, Focus Groups

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