Development and evaluation of a computer-animated tutor for vocabulary and language learning in children with autism
Abstract
Using our theoretical framework of multimodal processing, we developed and evaluated a computer-animated tutor, Baldi, to teach vocabulary and grammar for children with autism. Baldi was implemented in a Language Wizard/Player, which allows easy creation and presentation of a language lesson involving the association of pictures and spoken words. The lesson plan includes both the identification of pictures and the production of spoken words. In Experiment 1, eight children were given initial assessment tests, tutorials, and reassessment tests 30 days following mastery of the vocabulary items. All of the students learned a significant number of new words and grammar. A second within-subject design with six children followed a multiple baseline design and documented that the program was responsible for the learning and generalization of new words. The research indicates that children with autism are capable of learning new language within an automated program centered around a computer-animated agent, multimedia, and active participation and can transfer and use the language in a natural, untrained environment.
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Research on the extent to which individuals on the Autism Spectrum have a deficit in language ability is mixed, but findings generally point to a deficit.
“Research regarding the extent to which individuals on the Autism Spectrum have a deficit in their ability to perceive emotions in the face (cf. Harms et al., 2010) and a deficit in language ability (cf. Bosseler and Massaro, 2003) is mixed, however findings generally point to a deficit in both.”
From A psychometric analysis of the reading the mind in the eyes test: toward a brief form for research and applied settings (2015) · cites this paper as Bosseler and Massaro, 2003
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SOME GENERALIZATION AND FOLLOW‐UP MEASURES ON AUTISTIC CHILDREN IN BEHAVIOR THERAPY <sup>1</sup>
Lovaas, O. I., Koegel, R., Simmons, J. Q., & Long, J. S. (1973) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1973.6-131 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
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Single-case experimental designs: a systematic review of published research and current standards
Smith, J. D. (2012) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0029312 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Innovative technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis
Grynszpan, O., Weiss, P. L. (., Perez-Diaz, F., & Gal, E. (2014) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361313476767 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Language Assessment and Development in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Luyster, R. J., Kadlec, M. B., Carter, A., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0510-1 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Olderbak, S., Wilhelm, O., Olaru, G., Geiger, M., Brenneman, M. W., & Roberts, R. D. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01503 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Zhang, M., Ding, H., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0056.v1 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bosseler, A., & Massaro, D. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bosseler, Alexis
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 653-672
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W1981710139
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC000236, R01 DC 00236)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, vocabulary acquisition, grammar instruction, multimodal processing, picture-word association, language learning, children
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Computer-Assisted Instruction, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Teaching, Verbal Learning, Vocabulary
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