The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Universal Definition of Life: Autonomy and Open-Ended Evolution
Abstract
Life is a complex phenomenon that not only requires individual self-producing and self-sustaining systems but also a historical-collective organization of those individual systems, which brings about characteristic evolutionary dynamics. On these lines, we propose to define universally living beings as autonomous systems with open-ended evolution capacities, and we claim that all such systems must have a semi-permeable active boundary (membrane), an energy transduction apparatus (set of energy currencies) and, at least, two types of functionally interdependent macromolecular components (catalysts and records). The latter is required to articulate a 'phenotype-genotype' decoupling that leads to a scenario where the global network of autonomous systems allows for an open-ended increase in the complexity of the individual agents. Thus, the basic-individual organization of biological systems depends critically on being instructed by patterns (informational records) whose generation and reliable transmission cannot be explained but take into account the complete historical network of relationships among those systems. We conclude that a proper definition of life should consider both levels, individual and collective: living systems cannot be fully constituted without being part of the evolutionary process of a whole ecosystem. Finally, we also discuss a few practical implications of the definition for different programs of research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution
Kauffman, S. A. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195079517.001.0001 · Cited by 7,855
The origins of order; self organization and selection in evolution
Kauffman, S. A. (1994) · International Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0020-711x(94)90119-8 · Cited by 6,753
Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata
Schwartz, J. T., von Neumann, J., & Burks, A. W. (1967) · Mathematics of Computation · doi:10.2307/2005041 · Cited by 5,468
THE MAJOR TRANSITIONS OF EVOLUTION
Leigh, E. G., Smith, J. M., & Szathmáry, E. (1995) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04464.x · Cited by 3,435
The Major Transitions in Evolution
Smith, J. M., & Szathmáry, E. (1997) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198502944.001.0001 · Cited by 2,570
Lewontin, R. C. (1970) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245 · Cited by 1,996
The Hypercycle: A principle of natural self-organization
Eigen, M., & Schuster, P. M. (1979) · Cited by 1,906
Phylogenetic Classification and the Universal Tree
Doolittle, W. F. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2124 · Cited by 1,888
Principles of Biological Autonomy
Varela, F. J. (2025) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14875.001.0001 · Cited by 1,876
Szostak, J. W., Bartel, D. P., & Luisi, P. L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35053176 · Cited by 1,681
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Benner, S. A.: 1999, How Small can a Microorganism be? in Size Limits of Very Small Microorganisms (Proceedings of a Workshop), National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 126–135.
- Haynes, R. H.: 1990, ‘Ecce Ecopoiesis: Playing God on Mars’, in D. MacNiven (ed.), Moral Expertise: Studies in Practical and Professional Ethics, Routledge, London, pp. 161–183.
- Joyce, G. F.: 1994, ‘Foreword’, in D. W. Deamer and G. R. Fleischaker (eds), Origins of Life: The Central Concepts, Jones and Bartlett, Boston, pp. xi–xii.
- Lovelock, J. E.: 1988, The Ages of Gaia, Norton, New York.
- Margulis, L.: 1990, ‘Big Trouble in Biology: Physiological Autopoiesis Versus Mechanistic Neo-Darwinism’, in J. Brockman (ed.), Doing Science: The Reality Club 2, Prentice Hall, NY, pp. 211–235.
- Mayr, E.: 1982, The Growth of Biological Thought, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
- Moreno, A. and Fernández, J.: 1990, Structural Limits for Evolutive Capacities in Molecular Complex Systems, Biology Forum 83, 335–347.
- Moreno, A., Umerez, J. and Fernandez, J.: 1994, Definition of Life and Research Program in Artificial Life, Ludus Vitalis 2, 15–33.
- Morowitz, H. J.: 1992, Beginnings of Cellular Life, Yale University Press, New Haven.
- Nicolis, G. and Prigogine, Y.: 1977, Self-organization in Non-equilibrium Systems, Wiley, New York.
- Pattee, H. H.: 1982, Cell Psychology: An Evolutionary Approach to the Symbol-matter Problem, Cognit. Brain Theor. 4, 325–341.
- Pattee, H. H.: 1997, ‘The Physics of Symbols and Evolution of Semiotic Controls’, in M. Coombs (ed.), Workshop on Control Mechanisms for Complex Systems: Issues of Measurement and Semiotic Analysis, New Mexico State University.
- Ruiz-Mirazo, K. and Moreno, A.: 1998, ‘Autonomy and Emergence: how Systems become Agents through the Generation of Functional Constraints, in G. L. Farre and T. Oksala (eds), Emergence, Complexity, Hierarchy, Organization (Selected and edited papers from the ECHO III Conference), Acta Polytech. Scand. Ma91, The Finnish Academy of Technology, Espoo-Helsinki, pp. 273–282.
- Sagan, C.: 1970, ‘Life’, in The Encyclopaedia Britannica, William Benton, London.
- Shapiro, R.: 2002, ‘Monomer World’, in Abstracts of the 13th International Conference on the Origin of Life, 10th ISSOL Meeting, Oaxaca, Mexico, p. 60.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 392
Motility at the Origin of Life: Its Characterization and a Model
Froese, T., Virgo, N., & Ikegami, T. (2013) · Artificial Life · doi:10.1162/artl_a_00096 · Cited by 50
Plasson, R., & Bersini, H. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp803807p · Cited by 34
Altair, T., Borges, L. G. F., Galante, D., & Varela, H. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11080777 · Cited by 34
Walde, P., & Ichikawa, S. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app112110345 · Cited by 31
Organisms, activity, and being: on the substance of process ontology
Austin, C. J. (2020) · European Journal for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s13194-020-0278-0 · Cited by 30
Addressing the Vitalist’s Challenge to Mechanistic Science: Dynamic Mechanistic Explanation
Bechtel, W. (2013) · History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2445-7_14 · Cited by 30
Keller, S. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cco9781139149129.014 · Cited by 29
Properties of Life: Toward a Coherent Understanding of the Organism
Rosslenbroich, B. (2016) · Acta Biotheoretica · doi:10.1007/s10441-016-9284-1 · Cited by 31
Undecidability and Irreducibility Conditions for Open-Ended Evolution and Emergence
Hernández-Orozco, S., Hernández-Quiroz, F., & Zenil, H. (2018) · Artificial Life · doi:10.1162/artl_a_00254 · Cited by 28
Searching for Life, Mindful of Lyfe’s Possibilities
Wong, M. L., Bartlett, S., Chen, S., & Tierney, L. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12060783 · Cited by 28
Kinetic Barriers and the Self‐organization of Life
Pascal, R. (2015) · Israel Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ijch.201400193 · Cited by 28
Bechtel, W. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816826.009 · Cited by 28
Luper, S. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cco9781139149129.015 · Cited by 27
Abiogenesis through gradual evolution of autocatalysis into template‐based replication
Pavlinova, P., Lambert, C. N., Malaterre, C., & Nghe, P. (2022) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14507 · Cited by 30
A new biological definition of life
Tetz, V., & Tetz, G. V. (2019) · BioMolecular Concepts · doi:10.1515/bmc-2020-0001 · Cited by 32
Bacterial cell-free expression technology to in vitro systems engineering and optimization
Caschera, F. (2017) · Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.synbio.2017.07.004 · Cited by 26
Irruption Theory: A Novel Conceptualization of the Enactive Account of Motivated Activity
Froese, T. (2023) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e25050748 · Cited by 26
Defining Life: Conference Proceedings
Gayon, J., Malaterre, C., Morange, M., Raulin-Cerceau, F., & Tirard, S. (2010) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-010-9189-y · Cited by 30
“Minimal metabolism”: A key concept to investigate the origins and nature of biological systems
Lauber, N., Flamm, C., & Ruiz‐Mirazo, K. (2021) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202100103 · Cited by 25
Self-citationSynthetic Biology: Challenging Life in Order to Grasp, Use, or Extend It
Ruiz‐Mirazo, K., & Moreno, Á. (2013) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-013-0129-8 · Cited by 25
Self-citationJohansson, J. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cco9781139149129.012 · Cited by 24
The Grayness of the Origin of Life
Smith, H. H., Hyde, A. S., Simkus, D. N., Libby, E., Maurer, S., Graham, H. V., Kempes, C. P., Lollar, B. S., Chou, L., Ellington, A. D., et al. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11060498 · Cited by 28
Evolution of reduced prokaryotic genomes and the minimal cell concept: Variations on a theme
Delaye, L., & Moyá, A. (2010) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.200900161 · Cited by 25
Lifeness signatures and the roots of the tree of life
Malaterre, C. (2010) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-010-9220-8 · Cited by 29
Possibility spaces and the notion of novelty: from music to biology
Montévil, M. (2018) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-017-1668-5 · Cited by 29
Computational enactivism under the free energy principle
Korbak, T. (2019) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02243-4 · Cited by 34
Nowak, P., & Stencel, A. (2022) · Metamedicine · doi:10.1007/s11017-022-09583-2 · Cited by 22
Rosslenbroich, B. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14739.001.0001 · Cited by 25
Towards the naturalization of agency based on an interactivist account of autonomy
Arnellos, A., Spyrou, T., & Darzentas, J. (2009) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2009.09.005 · Cited by 23
Organic Codes: A Unifying Concept for Life
de Farías, S. T., Prosdocimi, F., & Caponi, G. (2021) · Acta Biotheoretica · doi:10.1007/s10441-021-09422-2 · Cited by 24
Cysteine‐Based Dynamic Self‐Assembly and Their Importance in the Origins of Life
Kuila, S., & Nanda, J. (2024) · ChemSystemsChem · doi:10.1002/syst.202400022 · Cited by 22
Abel, D. L. (2011) · Life · doi:10.3390/life2010106 · Cited by 21
The emergence of ribozymes synthesizing membrane components in RNA-based protocells
Ma, W., Yu, C., Zhang, W., Zhou, P., & Hu, J. (2009) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2009.11.003 · Cited by 21
Life and Death in Early Modern Philosophy
James, S. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843616.001.0001 · Cited by 19
Pascal, R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31730-9_8 · Cited by 20
Provenance of life: Chemical autonomous agents surviving through associative learning
Bartlett, S., & Louapre, D. (2022) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.106.034401 · Cited by 18
Chapter 4: A Geological and Chemical Context for the Origins of Life on Early Earth
Rodriguez, L. E., Altair, T., Hermis, N. Y., Jia, T. Z., Roche, T. P., Steller, L. H., & Weber, J. M. (2024) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0139 · Cited by 20
A New Criterion for Demarcating Life from Non-Life
van Hateren, J. H. (2013) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-013-9352-3 · Cited by 19
Arnellos, A., Bruni, L. E., El-Hani, C. N., & Collier, J. D. (2012) · Biosemiotics · doi:10.1007/s12304-012-9146-4 · Cited by 18
Probing complexity: thermodynamics and computational mechanics approaches to origins studies
Bartlett, S., & Beckett, P. (2019) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2019.0058 · Cited by 16
RNP-world: The ultimate essence of life is a ribonucleoprotein process
de Farías, S. T., & Prosdocimi, F. (2022) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0127 · Cited by 17
Santos, C. M. D., Alabi, L. P., Friaça, A., & Galante, D. (2016) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550416000094 · Cited by 10
Bich, L. (2018) · History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01198-7_6 · Cited by 18
Budaev, S. V., Dumitru, M. L., Enberg, K., Handeland, S. O., Higginson, A. D., Kristiansen, T. S., Opdal, A. F., Railsback, S. F., Rønnestad, I., Vollset, K. W., et al. (2024) · Aquaculture Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1002/aff2.153 · Cited by 17
Progress in integrative systems biology, physiology and medicine: towards a scale-relative biology
Auffray, C., Noble, D., Nottale, L., & Turner, P. (2020) · The European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00090-3 · Cited by 18
Varieties of Living Things: Life at the Intersection of Lineage and Metabolism
Dupré, J., & O’Malley, M. A. (2013) · History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2445-7_13 · Cited by 16
Hawley, K. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cco9781139149129.005 · Cited by 16
Definitions of life as epistemic tools that reflect and foster the advance of biological knowledge
Martínez, A. A., Moreno, Á., & Ruiz‐Mirazo, K. (2020) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-020-02736-7 · Cited by 15
Self-citationHanser, M. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cco9781139149129.022 · Cited by 16
How to Build a Biological Machine Using Engineering Materials and Methods
Ellery, A. A. (2020) · Biomimetics · doi:10.3390/biomimetics5030035 · Cited by 15
The cell: locus or object of inquiry?
Bechtel, W. (2010) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.07.006 · Cited by 15
Lezon, T. R., Banavar, J. R., & Maritan, A. (2006) · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/18/3/007 · Cited by 14
“Organization”: Its Conceptual History and Its Relationship to Other Fundamental Biological Concepts
Toepfer, G. (2023) · History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38968-9_2 · Cited by 14
Sustainability: We need to focus on overall system outcomes rather than simplistic targets
Fisher, L., Groß, T., Hillebrand, H., Sandberg, A., & Sayama, H. (2024) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.10589 · Cited by 14
Chapter 9: Life as We Don't Know It
Grefenstette, N. M., Chou, L., Colón‐Santos, S. M., Fisher, T. M., Mierzejewski, V., Nural, C., Sinhadc, P., Vidaurri, M., Vincent, L., & Weng, M. M. (2024) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0103 · Cited by 16
Physical Universality, State-Dependent Dynamical Laws and Open-Ended Novelty
Adams, A., Berner, A., Davies, P. C. W., & Walker, S. I. (2017) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e19090461 · Cited by 14
Is There an Optimal Level of Open-Endedness in Prebiotic Evolution?
Markovitch, O., Sorek, D., Lui, L. T., Lancet, D., & Krasnogor, N. (2012) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-012-9309-y · Cited by 13
On What It is to Fly Can Tell Us Something About What It is to Live
Malaterre, C. (2010) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-010-9196-z · Cited by 14
Delaye, L., Gil, R., Peretó, J. G., Latorre, A., & Moyá, A. (2010) · The Open Evolution Journal · doi:10.2174/1874404401004010012 · Cited by 12
Self-citationOrganism-substrate interactions and astrobiology: Potential, models and methods
Baucon, A., de Carvalho, C. D., Barbieri, R., Bernardini, F., Cavalazzi, B., Celani, A., Felletti, F., Ferretti, A., Schönlaub, H., Todaro, A., et al. (2017) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.05.009 · Cited by 9
Premises for digital twins reporting on Atlantic salmon wellbeing
Giske, J., Dumitru, M. L., Enberg, K., Folkedal, O., Handeland, S. O., Higginson, A. D., Opdal, A. F., Rønnestad, I., Salvanes, A. G. V., Vollset, K. W., et al. (2025) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105163 · Cited by 11
On the Emergence of Autonomous Chemical Systems through Dissipation Kinetics
Pross, A., & Pascal, R. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13112171 · Cited by 12
Reflections upon a new definition of life
Gómez‐Márquez, J. (2023) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s00114-023-01882-5 · Cited by 13
On the Origins of Information and Its Relevance for Biological Complexity
Ruiz‐Mirazo, K., & Moreno, Á. (2006) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1162/biot.2006.1.3.227 · Cited by 10
Self-citationCleland, C. E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139046893.004 · Cited by 11
Role of Mineral Surfaces in Prebiotic Processes and Space-Like Conditions
Brucato, J. R., & Fornaro, T. (2018) · Advances in astrobiology and biogeophysics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96175-0_9 · Cited by 11
Entering the labyrinth: A hypothesis about the emergence of metabolism from protobiotic routes
Prosdocimi, F., & de Farías, S. T. (2022) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104751 · Cited by 11
Microbial diversity and the “lower-limit” problem of biodiversity
Malaterre, C. (2013) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-012-9356-9 · Cited by 12
Engineering a lunar photolithoautotroph to thrive on the moon – life or simulacrum?
Ellery, A. A. (2018) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550417000532 · Cited by 11
Piast, R. W. (2019) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.009 · Cited by 11
Ecological Historicity, Novelty and Functionality in the Anthropocene
Desjardins, E., Donhauser, J., & Barker, G. (2019) · Environmental Values · doi:10.3197/096327119x15519764179791 · Cited by 10
Protocells: At the Interface of Life and Non-Life
Ma, W., & Feng, Y. (2015) · Life · doi:10.3390/life5010447 · Cited by 11
Malaterre, C. (2015) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20150400002 · Cited by 10
Application of Self-Configurability for Autonomous, Highly-Localized Self-Regulation
Macias, N. J., & Athanas, P. M. (2007) · NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS) · doi:10.1109/ahs.2007.32 · Cited by 10
Toward Experimental Evolution with Giant Vesicles
Sugiyama, H., & Toyota, T. (2018) · Life · doi:10.3390/life8040053 · Cited by 8
Life’s Late Digital Revolution and Why It Matters for the Study of the Origins of Life
Baum, D., & Lehman, N. (2017) · Life · doi:10.3390/life7030034 · Cited by 9
Diversity preservation in minimal criterion coevolution through resource limitation
Brant, J. C., & Stanley, K. O. (2020) · Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) · doi:10.1145/3377930.3389809 · Cited by 9
The Cambridge Companion to Life and Death
Luper, S. (2014) · Cited by 9
Can Synthetic Biology Shed Light on the Origins of Life?
Malaterre, C. (2009) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1162/biot_a_00002 · Cited by 10
Simantov, T., Lombardo, M. V., Baron‐Cohen, S., & Uzefovsky, F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51890-5_5 · Cited by 12
Foundations for the Simulation of Ecosystems
Hauhs, M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-5375-4_4 · Cited by 9
In Vitro Selection of Functional Oligonucleotides and the Origins of Biochemical Activity
Carothers, J. M., & Szostak, J. W. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/3527608192.ch1 · Cited by 9
The road to everywhere : Evolution, complexity and progress in natural and artificial systems
Miconi, T. (2008) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 9
Life: Self-Directing with Unlimited Variability on Self-Speeding
Ma, W. (2012) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/073911012010525008 · Cited by 8
Integrative Perspectives: In Quest of a Coherent Framework for Origins of Life on Earth
Egel, R. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21625-1_12 · Cited by 8
Some conceptual issues in the transition from chemistry to biology
Moreno, Á. (2016) · History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40656-016-0117-y · Cited by 9
On the Evolutionary Development of Biological Organization from Complex Prebiotic Chemistry
Ruiz‐Mirazo, K., & Moreno, Á. (2023) · History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38968-9_9 · Cited by 9
Self-citationModelling the prebiotic origins of regulation and agency in evolving protocell ecologies
Shirt‐Ediss, B., Ferrero-Fernández, A., Martino, D. D., Bich, L., Moreno, Á., & Ruiz‐Mirazo, K. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0287 · Cited by 7
Self-citationThe History and Philosophy of Biosignatures
Dunér, D. (2018) · Advances in astrobiology and biogeophysics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96175-0_15 · Cited by 8
On radical solutions in the philosophy of biology: What does “individuals thinking” actually solve?
Reydon, T. A. C. (2019) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02285-8 · Cited by 8
O'Brien, S., & O’Toole, T. (2021) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21450 · Cited by 7
Warren, J. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cco9781139149129.013 · Cited by 7
Griesemer, J. R. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195182057.003.0012 · Cited by 7
Homeostats for the 21st Century? Simulating Ashby Simulating the Brain
Franchi, S. (2013) · Constructivist Foundations · Cited by 7
Nature and Agency: Towards a Post-Kantian Naturalism
Gambarotto, A., & Nahas, A. (2023) · Topoi · doi:10.1007/s11245-023-09882-w · Cited by 9
Trimble, V., Aschwanden, M. J., & Hansen, C. J. (2006) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/506157 · Cited by 8
What Is the Folk Concept of Life?
Beisbart, C., & Reuter, K. (2021) · Australasian Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1080/00048402.2021.1995449 · Cited by 6
Bull, J. W., & Ascelin Gordon, A. (2015) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-015-9500-4 · Cited by 6
Dynamical agents: Consciousness, causation, and two specters of epiphenomenalism
Dempsey, L. P., & Shani, I. (2008) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-008-9112-4 · Cited by 6
Vitalism and the Metaphysics of Life
Wolfe, C. T. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843616.003.0016 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Ruiz-Mirazo, K., Peretó, J., & Moreno, A.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- ORCID
- Peretó, Juli
- Venue
- Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 323-346
- ISSN
- 0169-6149 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0875
- OpenAlex
- W2089114542
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- concept of life, autonomy, open-ended evolution, semipermeable membranes, energy transduction, collective organization, evolutionary dynamics, complexity increase
- MeSH terms
- Origin of Life, Energy Metabolism, Biological Evolution, Models, Biological, Models, Theoretical, Reproduction, Life
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
