A Systematic Literature Review of the Applications of Q-Technique and Its Methodology
Abstract
Q-methodology is a technique incorporating the benefits of both qualitative and quantitative research. Q-method involves Q-sorting, a method of data collection and factor analysis, to assess subjective (qualitative) information. The use of Q-sorting and factor analysis has often resulted in the misconception that Q-methodology involves psychometric or quantitative assessment, although Q as a methodology actually enables the systematic assessment of qualitative data. Misconceptions regarding Q have resulted in a heterogeneous collection of Q-applications in the extant literature, which has obscured the fundamental principles of Q-methodology. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of Q-based research to investigate the criteria researchers have used to develop Q-studies. Published research studies between January 2008 and December 2008 that employed Q-techniques and methodology were assessed. Data were extracted and synthesized through the development and use of the Assessment and Review Instrument for Q-methodology (ARIQ). Fourteen research studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The Q-methodological studies were disparate in their application of terminology, instrument development, and factor analysis, although data extraction and synthesis processes revealed two types of studies: those which aimed to apply conventional Q-methodology and those which applied variations of Q-techniques. It is concluded that variations of Q-technique and its methodology are unavoidable. However, this does not obviate the need for researchers to explicitly state their rationale for decisions to deviate from conventional Q-methodology if they are to produce demonstrably valid research. The review instrument (ARIQ) developed for this review will facilitate this end.
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Q-methodology allows construing generalization while maintaining a high level of phenomenology and acknowledging and considering the subjectivity of respondents.
“Yet, it allows to construe generalization while at the same time maintaining a high level of phenomenology as well as acknowledging and considering the subjectivity of respondents (Dziopa and Ahern 2011;Wingreen et al. 2009).”
From How affordances of chatbots cross the chasm between social and traditional enterprise systems (2020) · cites this paper as Dziopa and Ahern 2011
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- Authors
- Dziopa, F., & Ahern, K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Venue
- Methodology
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 39-55
- ISSN
- 1614-1881 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-2241
- OpenAlex
- W2111875134
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Methodology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Q Methodology Applications
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Q methodology, Q-technique, Q-sorting, factor analysis, research validity
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