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Carbon dioxide cycling and implications for climate on ancient Earth
Abstract
The crustal Urey cycle of CO 2 involving silicate weathering and metamorphism acts as a dynamic climate buffer. In this cycle, warmer temperatures speed silicate weathering and carbonate formation, reducing atmospheric CO 2 and thereby inducing global cooling. Over long periods of time, cycling of CO 2 into and out of the mantle also dynamically buffers CO 2. In the mantle cycle, CO 2 is outgassed at ridge axes and island arcs, while subduction of carbonatized oceanic basalt and pelagic sediments returns CO 2 to the mantle. Negative feedback is provided because the amount of basalt carbonatization depends on CO 2 in seawater and therefore on CO 2 in the air. On the early Earth, processes involving tectonics were more vigorous than at present, and the dynamic mantle buffer dominated over the crustal one. The mantle cycle would have maintained atmospheric and oceanic CO 2 reservoirs at levels where the climate was cold in the Archean unless another greenhouse gas was important. Reaction of CO 2 with impact ejecta and its eventual subduction produce even lower levels of atmospheric CO 2 and small crustal carbonate reservoirs in the Hadean. Despite its name, the Hadean climate would have been freezing unless tempered by other greenhouse gases.
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“However, consumption of CO2 in the weathering of impact ejecta by carbonic acid suggests a cool early Hadean surface near 0°C under the faint Sun (35, 36).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“In the Archean, with greater seafloor production than today, seafloor weathering could have been comparable to continental weathering (34, 35, 182), and negative feedback (Eq. 2) likely maintained average Archean surface temperatures between 0° and 40°C with seawater pH 6.4 to 7.4 (34).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sleep, N. H., & Zahnle, K.
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- E1
- Pages
- 1373-1399
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032500592
- Cited by
- 592
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 12.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- silicate weathering, carbonate formation, subduction, early Earth climate, greenhouse gases, impact ejecta, tectonic activity, atmospheric CO2
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