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Mo–total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: Implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions
Abstract
Sedimentary molybdenum, [Mo] s , has been widely used as a proxy for benthic redox potential owing to its generally strong enrichment in organic‐rich marine facies deposited under oxygen‐depleted conditions. A detailed analysis of [Mo] s –total organic carbon (TOC) covariation in modern anoxic marine environments and its relationship to ambient water chemistry suggests that (1) [Mo] s , while useful in distinguishing oxic from anoxic facies, is not related in a simple manner to dissolved sulfide concentrations within euxinic environments and (2) patterns of [Mo] s ‐TOC covariation can provide information about paleohydrographic conditions, especially the degree of restriction of the subchemoclinal water mass and temporal changes thereof related to deepwater renewal. These inferences are based on data from four anoxic silled basins (the Black Sea, Framvaren Fjord, Cariaco Basin, and Saanich Inlet) and one upwelling zone (the Namibian Shelf), representing a spectrum of aqueous chemical conditions related to water mass restriction. In the silled‐basin environments, increasing restriction is correlated with a systematic decrease in [Mo] s /TOC ratios, from ∼45 ± 5 for Saanich Inlet to ∼4.5 ± 1 for the Black Sea. This variation reflects control of [Mo] s by [Mo] aq , which becomes depleted in stagnant basins through removal to the sediment without adequate resupply by deepwater renewal (the “basin reservoir effect”). The temporal dynamics of this process are revealed by high‐resolution chemostratigraphic data from Framvaren Fjord and Cariaco Basin sediment cores, which exhibit long‐term trends toward lower [Mo] s /TOC ratios following development of water column stratification and deepwater anoxia. Mo burial fluxes peak in weakly sulfidic environments such as Saanich Inlet (owing to a combination of greater [Mo] aq availability and enhanced Mo transport to the sediment‐water interface via Fe‐Mn redox cycling) and are lower in strongly sulfidic environments such as the Black Sea and Framvaren Fjord. These observations demonstrate that, at timescales associated with deepwater renewal in anoxic silled basins, decreased sedimentary Mo concentrations and burial fluxes are associated with lower benthic redox potentials (i.e., more sulfidic conditions). These conclusions apply only to anoxic marine environments exhibiting some degree of water mass restriction (e.g., silled basins) and are not valid for low‐oxygen facies in open marine settings such as continent‐margin upwelling systems.
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In the citing paper
“(4) a direct relationship between concentrations in organic-rich sediments and dissolved concentrations in overlying anoxic and sulfidic bottom waters has been demonstrated for some trace elements (e.g., Mo, Zn; Algeo and Lyons, 2006;Scott et al., 2013).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Algeo and Lyons, 2006
In the citing paper
“(3) several trace elements (e.g., Mo, U) are known to scale with organic carbon during deposition and burial in euxinic water columns (Algeo and Lyons, 2006)”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Algeo and Lyons, 2006
In the citing paper
“Algeo and Lyons (2006) showed that the dissolved Mo concentration in euxinic bottom waters is proportional to the observed Mo/TOC ratios in the underlying organic-rich sediments.”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Algeo and Lyons (2006)
In the citing paper
“the marine metal reservoir exerts a first order control on enrichments in euxinic and anoxic sediments (Algeo and Lyons, 2006;Lyons et al., 2009;Scott et al., 2008;Reinhard et al., 2013b).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Algeo and Lyons, 2006
In the citing paper
“By contrast, organic-rich black shales deposited under anoxic and sulfidic pore waters may become enriched in redox-sensitive trace metals, especially Mo (Algeo and Lyons, 2006;März et al., 2008;Scott and Lyons, 2012).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Algeo and Lyons, 2006
In the citing paper
“A significant advantage of the black shale record over the IF archives is that examples from modern settings, such as the Cariaco Basin and the Black Sea (e.g., Lyons and Berner, 1992;Lyons et al., 2003;Algeo and Lyons, 2006;Scott et al., 2008;2013;Reinhard et al., 2013b), can be used as analogues to understand the processes underpinning the formation and the pathways of trace metal uptake for the”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Algeo and Lyons, 2006
In the citing paper
“Algeo and Lyons (2006) demonstrated that the Mo/TOC ratio of sediments in modern euxinic settings is positively correlated with the concentration of dissolved Mo in the water column, which scales with local controls and/or the global extent of euxinia.”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Algeo and Lyons (2006)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Algeo, T. J., & Lyons, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Venue
- Paleoceanography
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0883-8305 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9186
- OpenAlex
- W1648236804
- Cited by
- 1,194
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 14.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Paleoceanography (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
- Keywords
- total organic carbon, anoxic marine environment, euxinia, dissolved sulfide, paleohydrography, chemostratigraphy, Black Sea, Cariaco Basin, Saanich Inlet, Namibian shelf, upwelling zones
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