Mechanism of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence
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When free hydrogen sulfide is abundant (10−3-10−4 M), Mo becomes particle-reactive thiomolybdates and is rapidly removed from seawater-the Mo geochemical switch.
“in the presence of abundant (10 -3 -10 -4 M) free hydrogen sulfide, Mo is converted to a series of particle-reactive thiomolybdates and is efficiently removed from seawater (the so-called Mo”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Helz et al., 1996
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“Helz et al. (1996) introduced the concept of a geochemical switch, through which H2S/HS − transforms Mo from a conservative element to particle-reactive species, in marine depositional environments.”
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“Thiomolybdate formation occurs only in the presence of free hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (Helz et al., 1996, 2011) and, thus, at a lower redox potential than that for sedimentary uptake of U, creating the potential for enhanced uptake of U relative toMowhere suboxic conditions prevail (Algeo and Tribovillard, 2009).”
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“Molybdenum (Trend 1) is a conservative TE in the current ocean, present as the soluble MoO4= species (Helz et al., 1996).”
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BackgroundPaleoceanographic applications of trace-metal concentration data
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“…systems in which deepwaters were predominantly oxic or suboxic accumulate little authigenic Mo (e.g., Chaillou et al., 2008) because the concentrations of H2S required to convert molybdate anions (MoO4−2) to particle-reactive thiomolybdates (MoOxS4−x−2 , x=0 to 3) are lacking (Helz et al., 1996).”
BackgroundNatural fractionation of 238U/235U
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BackgroundGeochemistry of Peruvian near-surface sediments
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“For OMZ sites an authigenic Mo contribution may be important (presumably as a scavenged Mo-phase, as proposed by Helz et al., 1996).”
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“Under these conditions, soluble Mo is converted to particle reactive thiomolybdates (e.g., MoOxS4 x 2 ; Helz et al., 1996; Erickson and Helz, 2000; Zheng et al., 2000; Vorlicek and Helz, 2002; Vorlicek et al., 2004).”
BackgroundTracking Euxinia in the Ancient Ocean: A Multiproxy Perspective and Proterozoic Case Study
Lyons, T. W., Anbar, A. D., Severmann, S., Scott, C., & Gill, B. C. (2009) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124233 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
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“Mo is highly reactive in reduced settings, particularly when dissolved [H2S] > 11 μmol kg−1 and MoO42− is transformed to particle-reactive oxythiomolybdates, MoO4−xSx2− (Erickson & Helz 2000, Helz et al. 1996, Zheng et al. 2000).”
BackgroundMolybdenum in natural waters: A review of occurrence, distributions and controls
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THE STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY OF MOLYBDENUM
Kendall, B., Dahl, T. W., & Anbar, A. D. (2017) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/rmg.2017.82.16 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
“…in the late 1990s and 2000s when understanding of Mo geochemical behavior in modern environments improved significantly (e.g., Crusius et al. 1996; Helz et al. 1996, 2011; Morford and Emerson 1999; Erickson and Helz 2000; Barling et al. 2001; Siebert et al. 2003, 2005; Arnold et al. 2004;…”
BackgroundInfluentialMo isotope fractionation during adsorption to Fe (oxyhydr)oxides
Goldberg, T., Archer, C., Vance, D., & Poulton, S. W. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.004 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
McArthur, J. M., Algeo, T. J., van de Schootbrugge, B., Li, Q., & Howarth, R. J. (2008) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2008pa001607 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
“…thiomolybdate complexes (MoOxS4-x 2 ) in the presence of free H2S and subsequent sequestration in either sedimenting organic matter, sedimenting pyrite formed in the water column, or both [Helz et al., 1996; Erickson and Helz, 2000; Vorlicek and Helz, 2002; Tribovillard et al., 2004a, 2006, 2008].”
BackgroundA marine biogeochemical perspective on black shale deposition
Piper, D. Z., & Calvert, S. (2009) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.03.001 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Kendall, B., Komiya, T., Lyons, T. W., Bates, S. M., Gordon, G. W., Romaniello, S. J., Jiang, G., Creaser, R. A., Xiao, S., McFadden, K., et al. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.025 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Pi, D.-H., Liu, C.-Q., Shields-Zhou, G. A., & Jiang, S.-Y. (2013) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.004 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
“Its removal from the water column to sediments requires a reduction reaction through which H2S/HS− transforms stable molybdate to particle-reactive thiomolybdates (Helz et al., 1996).”
Suboxic trace metal geochemistry in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific
Nameroff, T. J., Balistrieri, L. S., & Murray, J. W. (2002) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00843-2 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
“Other workers have proposed that different forms of authigenic Mo can precipitate at two critical dissolved sulfide concentrations (Helz et al., 1996; Erickson and Helz, 2000; Zheng et al., in press).”
BackgroundMethodMolybdenum Stable Isotopes: Observations, Interpretations and Directions
Anbar, A. D. (2004) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/gsrmg.55.1.429 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
“The reduction of Mo(VI) to form insoluble MoS2 appears to play less of a role than might be intuitively expected, as a result of kinetic hindrances (Helz et al. 1996).”
BackgroundInfluentialMao, J., Lehmann, B., Du, A., Zhang, G., Ma, D., Wang, Y.-T., Zeng, M., & Kerrich, R. (2003) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.97.5.1051 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
“We therefore favor a model of water-column scavenging similar to that of present-day sulfate-reducing environments such as the Black Sea and the Cariaco trench, where Mo-enriched sediments underlie Mo-depleted water columns (Jacobs et al., 1987; Emerson and Huested, 1991; Helz et al., 1996).”
BackgroundInfluentialScholz, F., Hensen, C., Noffke, A., Rohde, A., Liebetrau, V., & Wallmann, K. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.007 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Kendall, B., Creaser, R. A., Gordon, G. W., & Anbar, A. D. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.013 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Meyers, S. R., Sageman, B. B., & Hinnov, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Sedimentary Research · doi:10.1306/012401710628 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Reconstructing the rise of recent coastal anoxia; molybdenum in Chesapeake Bay sediments
Adelson, J. M., Helz, G. R., & Miller, C. V. (2001) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00539-1 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Tossell, J. A. (2005) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.01.016 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Little, S., Vance, D., Lyons, T. W., & McManus, J. F. (2015) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/02.2015.01 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
New insights into the evolutionary history of biological nitrogen fixation
Boyd, E. S., & Peters, J. W. (2013) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00201 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
“(Helz et al., 1996).”
Smrzka, D., Zwicker, J., Bach, W., Feng, D., Himmler, T., Chen, D., & Peckmann, J. (2019) · Facies · doi:10.1007/s10347-019-0581-4 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
“The dominant Mo species in oxic seawater is molybdate (MoO4), which is efficiently reduced and subsequently enriched in sediments in the presence of dissolved sulfide (Helz et al. 1996; Vorlicek et al. 2004; Helz et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMärz, C., Poulton, S. W., Beckmann, B., Küster, K., Wagner, T., & Kasten, S. (2008) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.025 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Li, Y., Zhang, T., Ellis, G. S., & Shao, D. (2016) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.037 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Werne, J. P. (2002) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.302.2.110 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Authigenic molybdenum isotope signatures in marine sediments
Poulson, R. L., Siebert, C., McManus, J., & Berelson, W. M. (2006) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g22485.1 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Capture of molybdenum in pyrite-forming sediments: role of ligand-induced reduction by polysulfides
Vorlicek, T. P., Kahn, M. D., Kasuya, Y., & Helz, G. (2004) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(03)00444-7 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution
Robbins, L. J., Lalonde, S. V., Planavsky, N. J., Partin, C. A., Reinhard, C. T., Kendall, B., Scott, C., Hardisty, D. S., Gill, B. C., Alessi, D. S., et al. (2016) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.013 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
“of particle-reactive thiomolybdates and is efficiently removed from seawater (the socalled Mo “geochemical switch”; Helz et al., 1996).”
BackgroundGeological constraints on the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis
Farquhar, J., Zerkle, A. L., & Bekker, A. (2011) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-010-9594-0 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
“The most significant sinks for Mo in modern environments are in euxinic settings, where molybdate reacts with sulfide to produce particle-reactive thiomolybdates (MoOxS4-x 2-) (Helz et al. 1996; Lyons et al. 2003), and removed primarily by sorption onto organic matter.”
BackgroundMolybdenum isotope fractionation in pelagic euxinia: Evidence from the modern Black and Baltic Seas
Nägler, T. F., Neubert, N., Böttcher, M. E., Dellwig, O., & Schnetger, B. (2011) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.07.001 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Differential Adsorption of Molybdate and Tetrathiomolybdate on Pyrite (FeS 2 )
Bostick, B. C., Fendorf, S. E., & Helz, G. R. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0257467 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Geochemistry of Fine-grained Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
Sageman, B. B., & Lyons, T. W. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/07157-7 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Nitrogen isotope fractionation by alternative nitrogenases and past ocean anoxia
Zhang, X., Sigman, D. M., Morel, F. M. M., & Kraepiel, A. M. L. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1402976111 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71(22):5384–5404.”
Paleo-redox conditions during OAE 2 reflected in Demerara Rise sediment geochemistry (ODP Leg 207)
Hetzel, A., Böttcher, M. E., Wortmann, U. G., & Brumsack, H. (2008) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.11.005 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Trace-metal covariation as a guide to water-mass conditions in ancient anoxic marine environments
Algeo, T. J., & Maynard, J. B. (2008) · Geosphere · doi:10.1130/ges00174.1 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“Mo is markedly enriched (to several hundred ppm) over background detrital levels (~3 ppm), providing evidence that sulfi dic conditions must have been common (Helz et al., 1996; Vorlicek and Helz, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialZhao, J., Jin, Z., Jin, Z., Geng, Y., Wen, X., & Yan, C. (2016) · International Journal of Coal Geology · doi:10.1016/j.coal.2016.06.015 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Molybdenum isotope signatures in continental margin marine sediments
Siebert, C., McManus, J., Bice, A., Poulson, R. L., & Berelson, W. M. (2006) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.010 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“solubility in ocean water, Mo is relatively insoluble under the reducing conditions that exist in sediments that line the ocean basin boundaries or marginal basins ([3–14], and others).”
BackgroundMolybdenum behavior during early diagenesis: Insights from Mo isotopes
Poulson, R. L., McManus, J., Severmann, S., & Berelson, W. M. (2009) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2008gc002180 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
“Here Mo is sequestered into sediments through complexation with sulfide (Figure 1), forming thiomolybdates (MoOxS4-x 2 ) that are scavenged by organic matter or Fe sulfide phases such as pyrite [Helz et al., 1996, 2004; Zheng et al., 2000; Algeo and Lyons, 2006; Tribovillard et al., 2004, 2006].”
BackgroundChanges in marine productivity and redox conditions during the Late Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation
Zhou, L., Algeo, T. J., Shen, J., Hu, Z.-F., Gong, H., Xie, S., Huang, J., & Gao, S. (2015) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.12.012 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
“However, under euxinic conditions where the H2S concentration is N10−3 M, the formation of thiomolybdates is thermodynamically favored, generating a particle-reactive form of Mo that is rapidly removed from seawater or sediment porewaters (Crusius et al., 1996; Helz et al., 1996).”
BackgroundOceanic molybdenum isotope fractionation: Diagenesis and hydrothermal ridge‐flank alteration
McManus, J., Nagler, T., Siebert, C., Wheat, C., & Hammond, D. (2002) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2002gc000356 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Schröder, S., & Grotzinger, J. P. (2007) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/0016-76492005-022 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
“Immobilization occurs when ambient HS activity exceeds threshold values, causing particle-reactive behaviour of Mo and scavenging by organic material and/or Fe-bearing particles (e.g. sulphides; Helz et al. 1996; Zheng et al. 2000).”
BackgroundXu, L., Lehmann, B., Mao, J., Nägler, T. F., Neubert, N., Böttcher, M. E., & Escher, P. (2012) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.05.016 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“, 2009), while euxinic conditions with [H2S]aq>11 μM produce quantitative Mo removal (Helz et al., 1996) with no or very small isotopic fractionation (Siebert et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialRowe, H., Loucks, R. G., Ruppel, S. C., & Rimmer, S. M. (2008) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.006 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Does pyrite act as an important host for molybdenum in modern and ancient euxinic sediments?
Chappaz, A., Lyons, T. W., Gregory, D. D., Reinhard, C. T., Gill, B. C., Li, C., & Large, R. R. (2013) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.028 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Zeng, S., Wang, J., Fu, X., Chen, W., Feng, X., Wang, D., Song, C., & Wang, Z. (2015) · Marine and Petroleum Geology · doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.02.031 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Wei, H., Chen, D., Wang, J., Yu, H., & Tucker, M. E. (2012) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.07.005 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“10D), suggesting a more direct coupling between organic matter and Mo burial through reactions between Mo-bearing dissolved species and organic matter (Helz et al., 1996).”
BackgroundRiquier, L., Tribovillard, N., Averbuch, O., Devleeschouwer, X., & Riboulleau, A. (2006) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.021 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Scholz, F., McManus, J., & Sommer, S. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.07.006 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“This observation is consistent with the model of Mo scavenging 364 from sulfidic solutions after transformation of MoO4 2- to MoS4 2- (Helz et al., 1996; Erickson and Helz, 365 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMolybdenum isotope variations in magmatic rocks
Willbold, M., & Elliott, T. R. (2016) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.12.011 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Evidence for a redox stratified Cryogenian marine basin, Datangpo Formation, South China
Li, C., Love, G. D., Lyons, T. W., Scott, C. T., Feng, L., Huang, J., Chang, H., Zhang, Q., & Chu, X. (2012) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.03.018 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
A late methanogen origin for molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase
BOYD, E. S., ANBAR, A. D., MILLER, S., HAMILTON, T. L., LAVIN, M., & PETERS, J. W. (2011) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00278.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“It is likely that this proliferation occurred during the earliest stages of environmental oxygenation, before the oceans became thoroughly oxygenated and where Mo was at least episodically available [e.g. anoxic, but non-sulphidic conditions (Helz et al., 1996)].”
BackgroundInfluentialNoordmann, J., Weyer, S., Montoya-Pino, C., Dellwig, O., Neubert, N., Eckert, S., Paetzel, M., & Böttcher, M. E. (2014) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.012 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Algeo, T. J., Lyons, T. W., Blakey, R. C., & Over, D. J. (2007) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.035 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“Mo uptake occurs primarily at or below the sediment-water interface via downward diffusion of MoO4 2−, even in euxinic environments (Helz et al., 1996; Zheng et al., 2000; Algeo and Maynard, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialSubarctic Pacific evidence for a glacial deepening of the oceanic respired carbon pool
Jaccard, S. L., Galbraith, E. D., Sigman, D. M., Haug, G. H., François, R., Pedersen, T. F., Dulski, P., & Thierstein, H. R. (2008) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.017 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Molybdenum isotope evidence for mild environmental oxygenation before the Great Oxidation Event
Duan, Y., Anbar, A. D., Arnold, G. L., Lyons, T. W., Gordon, G. W., & Kendall, B. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.035 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Kashiwabara, T., Takahashi, Y., Tanimizu, M., & Usui, A. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.022 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Biological nitrogen fixation by alternative nitrogenases in terrestrial ecosystems: a review
Bellenger, J., Darnajoux, R., Zhang, X., & Kraepiel, A. M. L. (2020) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-020-00666-7 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“However, under sulfidic conditions ([ 11 lM H2S(aq)), such as those sometimes found in marine and coastal sediments, Mo can react with sulfides to form thiomolybdates (MoOxS(4-x) 2-, with 1\ x\ 4) (Erickson and Helz 2000; Helz et al. 1996).”
BackgroundBrown, G. E., & Sturchio, N. C. (2002) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.1 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Dahl, T. W., Anbar, A. D., Gordon, G. W., Rosing, M. T., Frei, R., & Canfield, D. E. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.09.018 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Schoepfer, V. A., & Burton, E. D. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103811 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Cycling of trace metals (Mn, Fe, Mo, U, V, Cr) in deep pore waters of intertidal flat sediments
Beck, M., Dellwig, O., Schnetger, B., & Brumsack, H. (2008) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.013 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The deep, hot biosphere: Twenty-five years of retrospection
Colman, D. R., Poudel, S., Stamps, B. W., Boyd, E. S., & Spear, J. R. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1701266114 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
A pathway for biological methane production using bacterial iron-only nitrogenase
Zheng, Y., Harris, D. F., Yu, Z., Fu, Y., Poudel, S., Ledbetter, R. N., Fixen, K. R., Yang, Z., Boyd, E. S., Lidstrom, M. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-017-0091-5 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Czaja, A. D., Johnson, C. M., Roden, E. E., Beard, B. L., Voegelin, A. R., Nägler, T. F., Beukes, N. J., & Wille, M. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.03.007 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“It has been suggested that below a critical H2Saq concentration of 11 lM, this scavenging is incomplete, which leads to fractionation of the residual Mo (Helz et al., 1996; Erickson and Helz, 2000; Neubert et al., 2008a; Nägler et al., 2011).”
BackgroundXu, N., Christodoulatos, C., & Braida, W. (2005) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.025 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“, DO < 1 mg l ) and in the presence of dissolved hydrogen sulfide, MoO 4 can be sulfurized to MoS 4 (Luther et al., 1986; Helz et al., 1996; Erickson and Helz, 2000).”
Background
- Authors
- Helz, G. R., Miller, C. V., Charnock, J. M., Mosselmans, J. F. W., Pattrick, R. A. D., Garner, C. D., & Vaughan, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Daresbury Laboratory (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Venue
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 3631-3642
- ISSN
- 0016-7037 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042505381
- Cited by
- 921
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Keywords
- molybdenum removal, black shales, molybdenum speciation, MoS2, humic acid, sulfidic waters, hydrogen sulfide, molybdenum oxidation state
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