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River basins as groundwater exporters and importers: Implications for water cycle and climate modeling
Abstract
The groundwater reservoir and its interaction with surface water facilitate lateral transport of continental water and energy. Current climate models do not account for long‐distance groundwater flow between model cells but route the atmospheric surplus (precipitation (P) minus evapotranspiration (ET)) directly to stream discharge within a model grid cell. We ask how much water exits a river basin without ever passing through its surface outlet? What are the climatologic and geologic factors influencing this flux? To answer these questions, a separation of groundwater flow from river flow is necessary. We use the ratio of stream discharge (Qr) to basin recharge (R = P − ET) for this purpose; where Qr:R 1, a basin is considered a groundwater importer. Here Qr is obtained from 39 years of U.S. Geological Survey Hydro‐Climatic Data Network observed stream discharge from 1555 basins across the continental United States, and R (P − ET) is derived from 50 years of hydrologic simulation by the Variable Infiltration Capacity model. It was found that the Qr:R ratio deviates significantly from 1 across the continent. Detailed investigations of individual basins suggest that the deviations are primarily a function of geology, while climate and basin scale influence the magnitude of these deviations. Further, a marked incongruity between the surface and groundwater flow directions is apparent, suggesting that surface drainage is only partially indicative of subsurface flow regimes. The a…
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“The groundwater near basin floors, therefore, tends to be dominated by long transit times (Schaller & Fan,2009).”
From Relic Groundwater and Prolonged Drought Confound Interpretations of Water Sustainability and Lithium Extraction in Arid Lands (2022) · cites this paper as Schaller & Fan,2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schaller, M. F., & Fan, Y.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2009-02-18
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- D4
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986962256
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Groundwater flow and contamination studies
- Keywords
- groundwater flow, river basins, river discharge, water cycle modeling, climate modeling, groundwater-surface water interaction, Variable Infiltration Capacity model
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