Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Niño modes
Abstract
Interaction between the tropical Atlantic meridional and Niño modes is investigated using observations and a quasi‐analytical linear equatorial wave model. It is found that equatorial zonal wind stress anomalies associated with the boreal spring meridional mode generate eastward propagating equatorial Kelvin waves in the central and eastern Atlantic Ocean, where variability associated with the Niño mode is strongest. These same wind stress anomalies force westward propagating equatorial Rossby waves that reflect at the western boundary into eastward propagating Kelvin waves during boreal spring and summer. The boundary‐generated Kelvin waves are of the opposite sign to those directly forced by the winds earlier in the spring, so they tend to damp the Niño mode during boreal summer. The interaction between the boreal spring meridional mode and the summer Niño is therefore mediated by directly wind‐forced equatorial Kelvin waves and the delayed negative feedback from western boundary reflections of wind‐forced Rossby waves.
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Cites
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- Authors
- Foltz, G. R., & McPhaden, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory NOAA Seattle Washington USA
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 18
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W1633317659
- Semantic Scholar
- 8e9f4747d3e55bce3a75d2d533c0961a4e8846dd
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Keywords
- Atlantic Meridional Mode, ENSO, equatorial Kelvin waves, equatorial Rossby waves, wind stress anomalies, boreal spring, boreal summer, ocean-atmosphere interaction, negative feedback
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