Interannual long equatorial waves in the tropical Atlantic from a high‐resolution ocean general circulation model experiment in 1981–2000
Open accessAbstract
We investigate the tropical Atlantic vertical structure variability (1981–2000) based on the CLIPPER ocean general circulation model (OGCM). We aim at determining to what extent the observed interannual variability can be explained by the low‐frequency wave dynamics. The linear vertical modes of the OGCM climatological stratification are estimated along the equator. The baroclinic mode contributions to surface zonal current and sea level anomalies are calculated and analyzed at interannual timescales. The second baroclinic mode is the most energetic. The first (third) mode exhibits a variability peak in the west (east). The summed‐up contribution of the high‐order baroclinic modes (4–6) is as energetic as the gravest modes and is largest in the east. Wave components are then derived by projection onto the associated meridional structures. The effect of longitudinal boundaries near the equator is taken into consideration. Equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves propagations, with phases speed close to the theory, are identified for the first three baroclinic modes. The comparison with a multimode linear simulation corroborates the propagating properties of the OGCM waves coefficients. An estimation of the meridional boundary reflection efficiency indicates that wave reflections take place at both boundaries. A 65% reflection efficiency is found at the eastern boundary. Our study suggests that low‐frequency wave dynamics is to a large extent at work in the tropical Atlantic. On the basis of what is known on the Pacific El Niño‐Southern Oscillation mode this may provide a guidance for investigating ocean‐atmosphere mechanisms that can lead to the Atlantic zonal equatorial mode.
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Western Atlantic zonal winds force heat content variations in the east.
“Western Atlantic (WAtl) zonal winds clearly force HC variations in the east, but whether this forcing dominates the variability there is not clear.”
From Understanding equatorial atlantic interannual variability (2007) · cites this paper as Illig et al. 2004
The Introduction (§1, paragraph 2; page not provided) reports a suggested link between relaxed western Atlantic trade winds and warm-water accumulation in the east. The Discussion (§6, paragraph 69; page not provided) finds that equatorial waves help the ocean adjust to wind forcing. These passages support a western-wind influence, but they do not establish as clearly as the claim states that western Atlantic zonal winds force eastern heat-content variations. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese results on baroclinic mode dominance are consistent with previous studies.
“These results are consistent with previous studies [du Penhoat and Treguier, 1985;Illig et al., 2004;Thierry et al., 2004;Brandt and Eden, 2005].”
From Seasonal cycle in the upper equatorial Atlantic Ocean (2009) · cites this paper as Illig et al., 2004
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Illig, S., Dewitte, B., Ayoub, N., du Penhoat, Y., Reverdin, G., De Mey, P., Bonjean, F., & Lagerloef, G. S. E.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (NC)
- Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, UM 5566 (CNES‐CNRS‐IRD‐UPS) Toulouse France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Dynamique et de Climatologie Paris France
- Earth and Space Research (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- C2
- Pages
- 23
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2061855816
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Keywords
- equatorial waves, interannual variability, tropical Atlantic, baroclinic modes, equatorial Kelvin waves, equatorial Rossby waves, wave reflection, sea level anomalies, ocean-atmosphere interaction
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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