The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coupling between the Atlantic cold tongue and the West African monsoon in boreal spring and summer
Open accessAbstract
[1] The formation of the Atlantic cold tongue (ACT) is the dominant seasonal sea surface temperature signal in the eastern equatorial Atlantic (EEA). A comprehensive analysis of variability in its spatial extent, temperature, and onset is presented. Then, the physical mechanisms which initiate ACT onset, as well as the feedbacks from the ACT to the maritime boundary layer, and how the ACT influences the onset of the West African monsoon (WAM) are discussed. We argue that in the EEA, the air-sea coupling between the ACT and WAM occurs in two phases. From March to mid-June, the ACT results from the intensification of the southeastern trades associated with the St. Helena anticyclone. Steering of surface winds by the basin shape of the EEA imparts optimal wind stress for generating the maximum upwelling south of the equator. During the second phase (mid-June–August), wind speeds north of the equator increase as a result of the northward progression of the intensifying trades and as a result of significant surface heat flux gradients produced by the differential cooling between the ACT and the tropical waters circulating in the Gulf of Guinea (GG). It is anticipated that the atmospheric divergence induced at low levels north of the equator reduces convection over the GG and that increased northward winds shift convection over land. Correlations between the ACT and the WAM onset dates over the last 26 years (1982–2007) measure as much as 0.8. This suggests that the ACT plays a key role in the WAM onset.
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“By multiplying EOF1 with its related PC, we observe some typical ACT cold years, such as 1990, 1992, 1997, 2005and warm years 1984, 1987and 1998(Caniaux et al., 2011).”
From Sea surface temperature patterns in the Tropical Atlantic: Principal component analysis and nonlinear principal component analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Caniaux et al., 2011
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“Caniaux et al. (2011) shows that there is interannual variability in the ACT spatial pattern in GoG, which is not fully understood.”
From Sea surface temperature patterns in the Tropical Atlantic: Principal component analysis and nonlinear principal component analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Caniaux et al. (2011)
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“From boreal winter to summer, part of the skipjack stock located in equatorial waters performs a northward migratory movement off NW Africa, from the western Gulf of Guinea to the Canary Islands -often reaching Madeira (Hermida et al., 2019) and Azores-(ICCAT TASK II catch and effort statistics data) favoured by the seasonal northward shift of warm waters (Caniaux et al., 2011).”
From African desert dust influences migrations and fisheries of the Atlantic skipjack-tuna (2023) · cites this paper as Caniaux et al., 2011
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Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Equatorial Atlantic variability and its relation to mean state biases in CMIP5
Richter, I., Xie, S., Behera, S. K., Doi, T., & Masumoto, Y. (2012) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1624-5 · Cited by 234
Equatorial Atlantic variability—Modes, mechanisms, and global teleconnections
Lübbecke, J. F., Rodríguez‐Fonseca, B., Richter, I., Martín‐Rey, M., Losada, T., Polo, I., & Keenlyside, N. S. (2018) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.527 · Cited by 230
The pathways and properties of the Amazon River Plume in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean
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The West African Monsoon Onset: A Concise Comparison of Definitions
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Metadata
- Authors
- Caniaux, G., Giordani, H., Redelsperger, J.-L., Guichard, F., Key, E., & Wade, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2011-04-05
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- C4
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054909156
- Semantic Scholar
- c5fae53840bc84ce804257827b919529d41a2e75
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Keywords
- Atlantic cold tongue, air-sea coupling, eastern equatorial Atlantic, coastal upwelling, Gulf of Guinea, sea surface temperature variability
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