Relationship between hourly extreme precipitation and local air temperature in the United States

Mishra, Vimal; Wallace, John M.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.

doi:10.1029/2012gl052790

Cited by 184Climate variability and modelsMeteorological Phenomena and SimulationsPrecipitation Measurement and Analysis

Relationship between hourly extreme precipitation and local air temperature in the United States

Mishra, Vimal, Wallace, John M., Lettenmaier, Dennis P.·2012·Geophysical Research Letters

DOI 10.1029/2012gl052790

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Abstract

We examine the relationship between hourly extreme precipitation and daily mean temperature across the Contiguous United States (CONUS) during the period 1950–2009. Logarithmically‐transformed hourly extreme precipitation generally increases approximately linearly with the daily mean temperature. At most (about 80%) of the stations, regression slopes between hourly extreme precipitation and daily mean temperature are higher than 7%, the approximate Clausius‐Clapyron rate. Stations located in the western coastal region exhibit the lowest regression slopes, with median regression slopes less than 7%, while stations in the northern tier of the CONUS showed higher regression slopes, with median regression slope of 16%. More stations (75%) exhibit regression slopes higher than 7% in summer than in winter (65%). Stations in the southern U.S. have higher regression slopes in winter than in summer, whereas stations in the northern U.S. have higher slopes in summer. It seems physically implausible that the intensity of extreme rainfall events could be as sensitive to local temperature as reflected by the regression slopes. Hence, these large values at least partially may be a consequence of factors relating to temperature gradients as opposed to temperature in its own right.

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Similar behavior to the Netherlands record was found in some but not all subsequent studies in different regions.
“Similar behavior was found in some but not all subsequent studies in different regions [10, 31, 48, 54, 87]; see [92] for an in-depth discussion.”
From Precipitation Extremes Under Climate Change (2015) · cites this paper as [54]
Factors such as relative humidity, large-scale dynamics and temperature gradients, and transitions from stratiform to convective precipitation are thought to be important for the scaling of precipitation extremes with temperature in the current climate.
“Factors such as relative humidity [31, 48], large-scale dynamics and temperature gradients [54], and transitions from stratiform to convective precipitation [10, 29] are thought to be important for the scaling of precipitation extremes with temperature in the current climate”
From Precipitation Extremes Under Climate Change (2015) · cites this paper as [54]

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A U.S. Based Analysis of the Ability of the Clausius-Clapeyron Relationship to Explain Changes in Extreme Rainfall with Changing Temperature
Ivancic, T. J., & Shaw, S. B. (2013) · AGUFM

Authors: Mishra, V., Wallace, J. M., & Lettenmaier, D. P.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
ORCID: Mishra, Vimal
Wallace, John M.
Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
Venue: Geophysical Research Letters
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published: 2012-08-25
Volume: 39
Issue: 16
ISSN: 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
1944-8007
DOI: 10.1029/2012gl052790
OpenAlex: W1629235778
Cited by: 184
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 3.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
Keywords: heavy rainfall, hourly rainfall, air temperature, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, temperature-precipitation relationship, regression slope, seasonal variation, temperature gradient, extreme rainfall intensity, United States

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Relationship between hourly extreme precipitation and local air temperature in the United States

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