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Cited by 21Oceanographic and Atmospheric ProcessesMeteorological Phenomena and SimulationsClimate variability and models

Comparison of SST Diurnal Variation Models Over the Tropical Warm Pool Region

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Zhang, Haifeng, Beggs, Helen, Merchant, Christopher J., Wang, Xiao Hua, Majewski, Leon, Kiss, Andrew E., Rodríguez, José, Thorpe, Livia +2 more·2018·Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
DOI 10.1029/2017jc013517
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Abstract

Four sea surface temperature (SST) diurnal variation (DV) models have been compared against Multifunctional Transport Satellite‐1R (MTSAT‐1R) SST measurements over the Tropical Warm Pool (TWP) region (90°E–170°E, 25°S–15°N) for 4 months from January to April 2010. The four models include one empirical model formulated by Chelle Gentemann (hereafter CG03), one physical model proposed by Zeng and Beljaars in 2005 (ZB05) and its updated version (ZB + T), and one air‐sea coupled model (the Met Office Unified Model Global Coupled configuration 2, GC2) with ZB05 warm layer scheme added on top of the standard configuration. The sensitivity of the v3 MTSAT‐1R data to the “true” changes in SST is first investigated using drifting buoys and is estimated to be 0.60 ± 0.05. This being significantly different from 1, the models are validated against MTSAT‐1R data and the same data scaled by the inverse of the sensitivity (representing an estimate of the true variability). Results indicate that all models are able to capture the general DV patterns but with differing accuracies and features. Specifically, CG03 and ZB + T underestimate strong (>2 K) DV events' amplitudes especially if we assume that sensitivity‐scaled MTSAT‐1R variability is most realistic. ZB05 can effectively capture the DV cycles under most DV and wind conditions, as well as the DV spatial distribution. GC2 tends to overestimate small‐moderate (< 2 K) DV events but can reasonably predict large DV events. One to three hour lags in warming start and peak times are found in GC2.

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  • The diurnal cycle in SST is typically in the peak-to-peak range of 0.1 K to 0.5 K.

    “The diurnal cycle in sea surface temperature has been empirically characterised from sub-daily drifting buoy variability8 and by remote sensing9, and is typically in the peak-to-peak range of 0.1 K to 0.5 K.”

    From Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications (2019) · cites this paper as [9]

    Section 4.3 (DV Cycles; page unavailable) reports an average amplitude of 0.4–0.6 K in the original satellite data, which overlaps the claimed range. But the paper considers sensitivity-scaled data more realistic and gives their average amplitude as 0.8–0.9 K, so it does not support 0.1–0.5 K as the typical peak-to-peak range. The Introduction’s 0.1–0.5 K figure describes the cool-skin effect, not the diurnal cycle. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • There is a diurnal cycle in SST that has been empirically characterised using satellite observations and drifting buoys.

    “There is a diurnal cycle in SST that has been empirically characterised using satellite observations9 and drifting buoys8.”

    From Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications (2019) · cites this paper as [9]

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Authors
Zhang, H., Beggs, H., Merchant, C. J., Wang, X. H., Majewski, L., Kiss, A. E., Rodríguez, J., Thorpe, L., Gentemann, C., & Brunke, M.
Affiliations
  • UNSW Sydney (AU)
  • Bureau of Meteorology (AU)
  • University of Reading (GB)
  • UNSW Canberra (AU)
  • Australian National University (AU)
  • Met Office (GB)
  • Earth and Space Research (US)
  • University of Arizona (US)
Corresponding author
Zhang, Haifeng
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2018-05
Volume
123
Issue
5
Pages
3467-3488
ISSN
  • 2169-9275 (ISSN-L)
  • 2169-9291
DOI
10.1029/2017jc013517
OpenAlex
W2801777712
Cited by
21
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
FWCI
1.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 16 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans (publishedVersion)
  • CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
  • UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
China Scholarship Council
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Keywords
tropical warm pool, model evaluation

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