Spatially Extended Tests of a Neural Network Parametrization Trained by Coarse‐Graining
Open accessAbstract
General circulation models (GCMs) typically have a grid size of 25–200 km. Parametrizations are used to represent diabatic processes such as radiative transfer and cloud microphysics and account for subgrid‐scale motions and variability. Unlike traditional approaches, neural networks (NNs) can readily exploit recent observational data sets and global cloud‐system resolving model (CRM) simulations to learn subgrid variability. This article describes an NN parametrization trained by coarse‐graining a near‐global CRM simulation with a 4‐km horizontal grid spacing. The NN predicts the residual heating and moistening averaged over (160 km) 2 grid boxes as a function of the coarse‐resolution fields within the same atmospheric column. This NN is coupled to the dynamical core of a GCM with the same 160‐km resolution. A recent study described how to train such an NN to be stable when coupled to specified time‐evolving advective forcings in a single‐column model, but feedbacks between NN and GCM components cause spatially extended simulations to crash within a few days. Analyzing the linearized response of such an NN reveals that it learns to exploit a strong synchrony between precipitation and the atmospheric state above 10 km. Removing these variables from the NN's inputs stabilizes the coupled simulations, which predict the future state more accurately than a coarse‐resolution simulation without any parametrizations of subgrid‐scale variability, although the mean state slowly drifts.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous studies found that running extended simulations with hybrid models is challenging due to numerical instabilities and climate drift.
“Previous studies found that running extended simulations with hybrid models is challenging due to numerical instabilities and climate drift21.”
From Neural general circulation models for weather and climate (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
The lack of coupling between machine-learning components and the governing equations during training potentially causes serious problems, such as instability and climate drift.
“The lack of coupling between machine-learning components and the governing equations during training potentially causes serious problems, such as instability and climate drift21.”
From Neural general circulation models for weather and climate (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
Cites
Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Kingma, D. P., & Ba, J. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.6980 · Cited by 98,946 · see citing works
Approximation by superpositions of a sigmoidal function
Cybenko, G. (1989) · Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems · doi:10.1007/bf02551274 · Cited by 13,883 · see citing works
(2017) · Cited by 11,625 · see citing works
Deep Inside Convolutional Networks: Visualising Image Classification Models and Saliency Maps
Simonyan, K., Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1312.6034 · Cited by 5,370 · see citing works
Deep learning to represent subgrid processes in climate models
Rasp, S., Pritchard, M. S., & Gentine, P. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1810286115 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
On large-scale circulations in convecting atmospheres
Emanuel, K., Neelin, J. D., & Bretherton, C. S. (1994) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49712051902 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Self-citationFundamentals of synchronization in chaotic systems, concepts, and applications
Pecora, L. M., Carroll, T. L., Johnson, G. A., Mar, D. J., & Heagy, J. F. (1997) · Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/1.166278 · Cited by 862 · see citing works
Tropical Super Clusters within Intraseasonal Variations over the Western Pacific
Nakazawa, T. (1988) · Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Ser II · doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.66.6_823 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) for global cloud resolving simulations
Satoh, M., Matsuno, T., Tomita, H., Miura, H., Nasuno, T., & Iga, S. (2007) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.006 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Palmer, T. N. (2001) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49712757202 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
A Comparison of Breeding and Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter Ensemble Forecast Schemes
Wang, X., & Bishop, C. (2003) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
O'Gorman, P. A., & Dwyer, J. G. (2018) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2018ms001351 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Jiang, X., Waliser, D. E., Xavier, P., Petch, J. C., Klingaman, N. P., Woolnough, S. J., Guan, B., Bellon, G., Crueger, T., DeMott, C. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2014jd022375 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Schneider, T., Lan, S., Stuart, A., & Teixeira, J. (2017) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl076101 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Prognostic Validation of a Neural Network Unified Physics Parameterization
Brenowitz, N., & Bretherton, C. S. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2018gl078510 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Escape of Light Gases from Planetary Atmospheres
Hunten, D. M. (1973) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Parameterizing Convective Organization to Escape the Entrainment Dilemma
Mapes, B. E., & Neale, R. (2011) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2011ms000042 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Krasnopolsky, V. M., Fox‐Rabinovitz, M. S., & Chalikov, D. V. (2005) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/mwr2923.1 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Krasnopolsky, V. M., Fox‐Rabinovitz, M. S., & Belochitski, A. A. (2013) · Advances in Artificial Neural Systems · doi:10.1155/2013/485913 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Jiang, X. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2016jd025955 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Convective self‐aggregation feedbacks in near‐global cloud‐resolving simulations of an aquaplanet
Bretherton, C. S., & Khairoutdinov, M. F. (2015) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1002/2015ms000499 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationToward mitigating the double ITCZ problem in NCAR CCSM3
Zhang, G. J., & Wang, H. (2006) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2005gl025229 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Reexamining the Nonlinear Moisture‐Precipitation Relationship Over the Tropical Oceans
Rushley, S. S., Kim, D., Bretherton, C. S., & Ahn, M. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl076296 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving the diurnal cycle of convection in GCMs
Stratton, R. A., & Stirling, A. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.991 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Multiscale Models with Moisture and Systematic Strategies for Superparameterization
Majda, A. J. (2007) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/jas3976.1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Kim, D., Jang, Y.-S., Kim, D., Kim, Y.-H., Watanabe, M., Jin, F., & Kug, J. (2011) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2011jd016526 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Meteorological Processes Relevant to Forest Fire Dynamics on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast
Millán, M. M., Estrela, M. J., & Badenas, C. (1998) · Journal of applied meteorology · doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Sensitivity of Coupled Tropical Pacific Model Biases to Convective Parameterization in CESM1
Woelfle, M. D., Yu, S., Bretherton, C. S., & Pritchard, M. S. (2017) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1002/2017ms001176 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationCloud and circulation feedbacks in a near‐global aquaplanet cloud‐resolving model
Narenpitak, P., Bretherton, C. S., & Khairoutdinov, M. F. (2017) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1002/2016ms000872 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationPareto‐Optimal Estimates of California Precipitation Change
Langenbrunner, B., & Neelin, J. D. (2017) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl075226 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Adjoint‐Based Climate Model Tuning: Application to the Planet Simulator
Lyu, G., Köhl, A., Matei, I., & Stammer, D. B. (2018) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1002/2017ms001194 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Krasnopolsky, V. M., Fox‐Rabinovitz, M. S., & Belochitski, A. A. (2010) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596766 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kuang, Z. (2018) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/jas-d-18-0092.1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Brenowitz, N., & Kwa, A. (2019) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.2621716 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationBrenowitz, N. (2019) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3242831 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMcHugh, M. (2004) · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Integrating Scientific Knowledge with Machine Learning for Engineering and Environmental Systems
Willard, J., Jia, X., Xu, S., Steinbach, M. S., & Kumar, V. (2022) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3514228 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
WeatherBench: A Benchmark Data Set for Data‐Driven Weather Forecasting
Rasp, S., Dueben, P. D., Scher, S., Weyn, J. A., Mouatadid, S., & Thuerey, N. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2020ms002203 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Neural general circulation models for weather and climate
Kochkov, D., Yuval, J., Langmore, I., Norgaard, P., Smith, J., Mooers, G., Klöwer, M., Lottes, J., Rasp, S., Düben, P., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y · Cited by 454 · see citing works
“The lack of coupling between machine-learning components and the governing equations during training potentially causes serious problems, such as instability and climate drift 21 .”
BackgroundToms, B. A., Barnes, E. A., & Ebert‐Uphoff, I. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2019ms002002 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Integrating Physics-Based Modeling with Machine Learning: A Survey
Willard, J., Jia, X., Xu, S., Steinbach, M. S., & Kumar, V. (2020) · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Data‐Driven Equation Discovery of Ocean Mesoscale Closures
Zanna, L., & Bolton, T. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl088376 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Gagne, D. J., Christensen, H. M., Subramanian, A. C., & Monahan, A. H. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2019ms001896 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Machine learning for numerical weather and climate modelling: a review
de Burgh-Day, C., & Leeuwenburg, T. (2023) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-16-6433-2023 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Viewing forced climate patterns through an AI Lens
Barnes, E. A., Hurrell, J. W., Ebert‐Uphoff, I., Anderson, C., & Anderson, D. (2019) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2019gl084944 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Yuval, J., & O’Gorman, P. A. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17142-3 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Interpreting and Stabilizing Machine-Learning Parametrizations of Convection
Brenowitz, N. D., Beucler, T., Pritchard, M. S., & Bretherton, C. S. (2020) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/jas-d-20-0082.1 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationA Moist Physics Parameterization Based on Deep Learning
Han, Y., Zhang, G. J., Huang, X., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2020ms002076 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The future of Earth system prediction: Advances in model-data fusion
Gettelman, A., Geer, A., FORBES, R. M., Carmichael, G. R., Feingold, G., Posselt, D. J., Stephens, G. L., van den Heever, S. C., Varble, A. C., & Zuidema, P. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn3488 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Yuval, J., O’Gorman, P. A., & Hill, C. (2021) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Correcting Weather and Climate Models by Machine Learning Nudged Historical Simulations
Watt‐Meyer, O., Brenowitz, N., Clark, S. K., Henn, B., Kwa, A., McGibbon, J., Perkins, W. A., & Bretherton, C. S. (2021) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2021gl092555 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationMachine Learning the Warm Rain Process
Gettelman, A., Gagne, D. J., Chen, C., Christensen, M. W., Lebo, Z. J., Morrison, H., & Gantos, G. (2021) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2020ms002268 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Rasp, S. (2020) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-13-2185-2020 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Deep Learning for Improving Numerical Weather Prediction of Heavy Rainfall
Hess, P., & Boers, N. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2021ms002765 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Potential and Limitations of Machine Learning for Modeling Warm‐Rain Cloud Microphysical Processes
Seifert, A., & Rasp, S. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2020ms002301 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Climate-invariant machine learning
Beucler, T., Gentine, P., Yuval, J., Gupta, A., Peng, L., Lin, J. C. W., Yu, S., Rasp, S., Ahmed, F., O’Gorman, P. A., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adj7250 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Yuval, J., O’Gorman, P. A., & Hill, C. (2021) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl091363 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Bretherton, C. S., Henn, B., Kwa, A., Brenowitz, N., Watt‐Meyer, O., McGibbon, J., Perkins, W. A., Clark, S. K., & Harris, L. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2021ms002794 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationOutlook for Exploiting Artificial Intelligence in the Earth and Environmental Sciences
Boukabara, S.-A., Krasnopolsky, V., Penny, S. G., Stewart, J. Q., McGovern, A., Hall, D., Ten Hoeve, J. E., Hickey, J., Allen Huang, H.-L., Williams, J. K., et al. (2021) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-20-0031.1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Machine Learning Emulation of Gravity Wave Drag in Numerical Weather Forecasting
Chantry, M., Hatfield, S., Dueben, P., Polichtchouk, I., & Palmer, T. (2021) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2021ms002477 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Arcomano, T., Szunyogh, I., Wikner, A., Pathak, J., Hunt, B. R., & Ott, E. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2021ms002712 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Wang, X., Han, Y., Xue, W., Yang, G., & Zhang, G. J. (2022) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-15-3923-2022 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Chattopadhyay, A., Subel, A., & Hassanzadeh, P. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2020ms002084 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Lin, W., Vogelmann, A. M., Zhang, M., Xie, S., Qin, Y., & Golaz, J. (2021) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2020ms002365 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Deep Learning Based Cloud Cover Parameterization for ICON
Grundner, A., Beucler, T., Iglesias‐Suarez, F., Gentine, P., Giorgetta, M. A., & Eyring, V. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2021ms002959 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Implicit learning of convective organization explains precipitation stochasticity
Shamekh, S., Lamb, K. D., Huang, Y., & Gentine, P. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2216158120 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Towards Physically-Consistent, Data-Driven Models of Convection
Beucler, T., Pritchard, M. S., Gentine, P., & Rasp, S. (2020) · IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · doi:10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324569 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Combining distribution‐based neural networks to predict weather forecast probabilities
Clare, M., Jamil, O., & Morcrette, C. J. (2021) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.4180 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pawar, S. A., & San, O. (2021) · Physical Review Fluids · doi:10.1103/physrevfluids.6.050501 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Causally‐Informed Deep Learning to Improve Climate Models and Projections
Iglesias‐Suarez, F., Gentine, P., Fernández, B. S., Beucler, T., Pritchard, M. S., Runge, J., & Eyring, V. (2024) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2023jd039202 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A Review of Machine Learning for Convective Weather
McGovern, A., Chase, R. J., Flora, M. L., Gagne, D. J., Lagerquist, R., Potvin, C. K., Snook, N., & Loken, E. D. (2023) · Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems · doi:10.1175/aies-d-22-0077.1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Machine Learning Emulation of 3D Cloud Radiative Effects
Meyer, D., Hogan, R. J., Dueben, P. D., & Mason, S. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2021ms002550 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Non‐Local Parameterization of Atmospheric Subgrid Processes With Neural Networks
Wang, P., Yuval, J., & O’Gorman, P. A. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2022ms002984 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Climatology and Variability of Warm and Cold Fronts over North America from 1979 to 2018
Lagerquist, R., Allen, J. T., & McGovern, A. (2020) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-19-0680.1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Beucler, T., Ebert‐Uphoff, I., Rasp, S., Pritchard, M. S., & Gentine, P. (2021) · doi:10.1002/essoar.10506925.1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Correcting Systematic and State‐Dependent Errors in the NOAA FV3‐GFS Using Neural Networks
Chen, T., Penny, S. G., Whitaker, J. S., Frolov, S., Pincus, R. L., & Tulich, S. N. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2022ms003309 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
RadNet 1.0: exploring deep learning architectures for longwave radiative transfer
Liu, Y., Caballero, R., & Monteiro, J. M. (2020) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-13-4399-2020 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Clark, S. K., Brenowitz, N., Henn, B., Kwa, A., McGibbon, J., Perkins, W. A., Watt‐Meyer, O., Bretherton, C. S., & Harris, L. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2022ms003219 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationTraining a convolutional neural network to conserve mass in data assimilation
Ruckstuhl, Y., Janjić, T., & Rasp, S. (2021) · Nonlinear processes in geophysics · doi:10.5194/npg-28-111-2021 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Deep neural network enabled corrective source term approach to hybrid analysis and modeling
Blakseth, S. S., Rasheed, A., Kvamsdal, T., & San, O. (2021) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2021.11.021 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Arcomano, T., Szunyogh, I., Wikner, A., Hunt, B. R., & Ott, E. (2023) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2022gl102649 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Enabling Smart Dynamical Downscaling of Extreme Precipitation Events With Machine Learning
Shi, X. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl090309 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Neural‐Network Parameterization of Subgrid Momentum Transport in the Atmosphere
Yuval, J., & O’Gorman, P. A. (2023) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms003606 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Stoffer, R., van Leeuwen, C. M., Podareanu, D., Codreanu, V., Veerman, M., Janssens, M., Hartogensis, O., & van Heerwaarden, C. C. (2021) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-14-3769-2021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Deep Learning Parameterization of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer
Wang, L., & Tan, Z. (2023) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2022ms003034 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Han, Y., Zhang, G. J., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2022ms003508 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Watt‐Meyer, O., Brenowitz, N., Clark, S. K., Henn, B., Kwa, A., McGibbon, J., Perkins, W. A., Harris, L., & Bretherton, C. S. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms003668 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationMachine Learning for Clouds and Climate
Beucler, T., Ebert‐Uphoff, I., Rasp, S., Pritchard, M. S., & Gentine, P. (2023) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781119700357.ch16 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Predicting ocean-induced ice-shelf melt rates using deep learning
Rosier, S. H. R., Bull, C. Y. S., Woo, W. L., & Gudmundsson, G. H. (2023) · The Cryosphere · doi:10.5194/tc-17-499-2023 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mansfield, L., Gupta, A., Burnett, A. C., Green, B., Wilka, C., & Sheshadri, A. (2023) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms003715 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A Structured Graph Neural Network for Improving the Numerical Weather Prediction of Rainfall
Peng, X., Li, Q., Chen, L., Ning, X., Chu, H., & Liu, J. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2023jd039011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Fang, J., & Gentine, P. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004308 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Enhancing geophysical flow machine learning performance via scale separation
Faranda, D., Vrac, M., Yiou, P., Pons, F., Hamid, A., Carella, G., Langue, C. N. N., Thao, S., & Gautard, V. (2021) · Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics · doi:10.5194/npg-28-423-2021 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
How many modes are needed to predict climate bifurcations? Lessons from an experiment
Dubrulle, B., Daviaud, F., Faranda, D., Marié, L., & Saint-Michel, B. (2022) · Nonlinear processes in geophysics · doi:10.5194/npg-29-17-2022 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kwa, A., Clark, S. K., Henn, B., Brenowitz, N. D., McGibbon, J., Watt‐Meyer, O., Perkins, W. A., Harris, L., & Bretherton, C. S. (2023) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2022ms003400 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationMachine learning and the quest for objectivity in climate model parameterization
Jebeile, J., Lam, V., Majszak, M., & Räz, T. (2023) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-023-03532-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
fv3gfs-wrapper: a Python wrapper of the FV3GFS atmospheric model
McGibbon, J., Brenowitz, N., Cheeseman, M., Clark, S. K., Dahm, J., Davis, E. C., Elbert, O. D., George, R. C., Harris, L., Henn, B., et al. (2021) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-14-4401-2021 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationMojgani, R., Chattopadhyay, A., & Hassanzadeh, P. (2022) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/5.0091282 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
RaFSIP: Parameterizing Ice Multiplication in Models Using a Machine Learning Approach
Georgakaki, P., & Nenes, A. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms003923 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mansfield, L., & Sheshadri, A. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004292 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Interpretable Multiscale Machine Learning‐Based Parameterizations of Convection for ICON
Heuer, H., Schwabe, M., Gentine, P., Giorgetta, M. A., & Eyring, V. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004398 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Behrens, G., Beucler, T., Iglesias‐Suarez, F., Yu, S., Gentine, P., Pritchard, M. S., Schwabe, M., & Eyring, V. (2025) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004272 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hu, Z., Subramaniam, A., Kuang, Z., Lin, J. C. W., Yu, S., Hannah, W. M., Brenowitz, N., Romero, J., & Pritchard, M. S. (2025) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004618 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning a Weather Dictionary of Atmospheric Patterns Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Fery, L., Dubrulle, B., Podvin, B., Pons, F., & Faranda, D. (2022) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2021gl096184 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Deep Learning Model for Improved Wind and Consequent Wave Forecasts
Yevnin, Y., & Toledo, Y. (2022) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/jpo-d-21-0280.1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sun, Y. Q., Pahlavan, H. A., Chattopadhyay, A., Hassanzadeh, P., Lubis, S. W., Alexander, M. J., Gerber, E. P., Sheshadri, A., & Guan, Y. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms004145 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence for Earth System Predictability (AI4ESP) (2021 Workshop Report)
Hickmon, N. L., Varadharajan, C., Hoffman, F. M., Wainwright, H. M., & Collis, S. (2022) · doi:10.2172/1888810 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pace v0.2: a Python-based performance-portable atmospheric model
Dahm, J., Davis, E., Deconinck, F., Elbert, O. D., George, R., McGibbon, J., Wicky, T., Wu, E., Kung, C., Ben‐Nun, T., et al. (2023) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-16-2719-2023 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Barthel, B., Charalampopoulos, A.-T., Zhang, S., Harrop, B. E., Leung, L.-Y. R., & Sapsis, T. P. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms004122 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Online Learning of Entrainment Closures in a Hybrid Machine Learning Parameterization
Christopoulos, C., Lopez‐Gomez, I., Beucler, T., Cohen, Y., Kawczynski, C., Dunbar, O. R. A., & Schneider, T. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004485 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Chen, D., Feng, D., You, X., & Wu, W. (2022) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos13020362 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mu, B., Zhao, Z.-J., Yuan, S., Qin, B., Dai, G., & Zhou, G.-B. (2024) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107306 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sturm, P. O., Manders, A., Janssen, R. H. H., Segers, A. J., Wexler, A. S., & Lin, H. X. (2023) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2022ms003235 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Emulation of Cloud Microphysics in a Climate Model
Perkins, W. A., Brenowitz, N., Bretherton, C. S., & Nugent, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms003851 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving the Reliability of ML‐Corrected Climate Models With Novelty Detection
Sanford, C. H., Kwa, A., Watt‐Meyer, O., Clark, S. K., Brenowitz, N., McGibbon, J., & Bretherton, C. S. (2023) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms003809 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationZhong, X., Yu, X., & Li, H. (2024) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-17-3667-2024 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Toy Model to Investigate Stability of AI‐Based Dynamical Systems
Balogh, B., Saint‐Martin, D., & Ribes, A. (2021) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl092133 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence for Predictions in Ecohydrology
Massoud, E., Hoffman, F. M., Shi, Z., Tang, J., Alhajjar, E., Barnes, M. L., Braghiere, R. K., Cardon, Z. G., Collier, N., Crompton, O. V., et al. (2023) · Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems · doi:10.1175/aies-d-23-0005.1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Henn, B., Jauregui, Y. R., Clark, S. K., Brenowitz, N., McGibbon, J., Watt‐Meyer, O., Pauling, A. G., & Bretherton, C. S. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms003949 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationArtificial Intelligence and Its Application in Numerical Weather Prediction
Soldatenko, S. A. (2024) · Russian Meteorology and Hydrology · doi:10.3103/s1068373924040010 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Formulation and Calibration of CATKE, a One‐Equation Parameterization for Microscale Ocean Mixing
Wagner, G. L., Hillier, A., Constantinou, N. C., Silvestri, S., Souza, A. N., Burns, K. J., Hill, C., Campin, J., Marshall, J. C., & Ferrari, R. (2025) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004522 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
TorchClim v1.0: a deep-learning plugin for climate model physics
Fuchs, D., Sherwood, S. C., Prasad, A. A., Trapeznikov, K., & Gimlett, J. (2024) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-17-5459-2024 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Alcala, J., & Timofeyev, I. (2021) · Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00162-021-00581-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Learning subgrid-scale models with neural ordinary differential equations
Kang, S., & Constantinescu, E. M. (2023) · Computers & Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2023.105919 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Physically Constrained Adaptive Deep Learning for Ocean Vertical-Mixing Parameterization
Fang, J., Li, X., Li, J., Huang, Z., Yu, Y., Huang, X., & Wu, X. (2024) · Advances in Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00376-024-3246-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Janssens, M., & Hulshoff, S. J. (2021) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2021ms002490 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pawar, S. A., & San, O. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.08901 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Morcrette, C. J., Zhang, M., Lin, W., Xie, S., Liu, Y., Weverberg, K. V., & Rodrigues, J. (2025) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-18-1917-2025 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chen, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, T., Lin, W., & Xue, W. (2025) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004722 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Neural general circulation models for modeling precipitation
Yuval, J., Langmore, I., Kochkov, D., & Hoyer, S. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adv6891 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
AI for atmosphere–ocean sciences: advancements, challenges and ways forward
Luo, J., Xia, J., Pan, B., Ham, Y.-G., Li, X., Shangguan, W., Xue, W., Wang, Y., Mu, B., Hong, Y., et al. (2026) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwag063 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationSchoof, C. G. (2023) · The Cryosphere · doi:10.5194/tc-17-4817-2023 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A predictive model for the estimation of industrial PM2.5 emissions for IoT-based devices
Kychkin, A. V., Леонидовна, В. О., Mylnikov, L., & Chernitsin, I. (2024) · Computers & Industrial Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cie.2024.110662 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Xie, Y., Li, F., Lu, B., Xu, Y., & Wang, W. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2024.120904 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Adjoint‐Based Online Learning of Two‐Layer Quasi‐Geostrophic Baroclinic Turbulence
Yan, F. E., Frezat, H., Sommer, J. L., Mak, J., & Otness, K. (2025) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004857 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Neural-Network Based MPAS—Shallow Water Model and Its 4D-Var Data Assimilation System
Tian, X., Conibear, L., & Steward, J. (2023) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos14010157 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brenowitz, N. D., & Bretherton, C. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brenowitz, Noah D.
- Venue
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2728-2744
- ISSN
- 1942-2466 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2930756996
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 9.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (3835)
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (2013-10-29)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0012451, DE-SC0016433)
- Washington Research Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- neural network parametrization, coarse-graining, cloud-resolving model, subgrid-scale processes, linear stability analysis, model drift
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review