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Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)
Open accessAbstract
The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) includes three main atmospheric configurations: the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) with simplified chemistry and a simplified organic aerosol (OA) scheme, CAM6 with comprehensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry representation (CAM6‐chem), and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6). Both, CAM6‐chem and WACCM6 include a more comprehensive secondary organic aerosols (SOA) approach using the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) scheme and prognostic stratospheric aerosols. This paper describes the different OA schemes available in the different atmospheric configurations of CESM2 and discusses differences in aerosol burden and resulting climate forcings. Derived OA burden and trends differ due to differences in OA formation using the different approaches. Regional differences in Aerosol Optical Depth with larger values using the comprehensive approach occur over SOA source regions. Stronger increasing SOA trends between 1960 and 2015 in WACCM6 compared to CAM6 are due to increasing biogenic emissions aligned with increasing surface temperatures. Using the comprehensive SOA approach further leads to improved comparisons to aircraft observations and SOA formation of ≈143 Tg/yr. We further use WACCM6 to identify source contributions of OA from biogenic, fossil fuel, and biomass burning emissions, to quantify SOA amounts and trends from these sources. Increasing SOA trends between 1960 and 2015 are the result of increasing biogenic emissions aligned with increasing surface temperatures. Biogenic emissions are at least two thirds of the total SOA burden. In addition, SOA source contributions from fossil fuel emissions become more important, with largest values over Southeast Asia. The estimated total anthropogenic forcing of OA in WACCM6 for 1995–2010 conditions is −0.43 W/m 2, mostly from the aerosol direct effect.
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“CESM2(WACCM6) has been evaluated against earlier model versions and observations - including NASA ATom aircraft profiles (Tilmes et al., 2019), Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) surface ozone data (Emmons et al., 2020), and Measurements of Pollution in The Troposphere (MOPITT) carbon monoxide observations (Schwantes et al., 2020) - showing good agreement with ozonesonde data and season”
From Air quality impacts of stratospheric aerosol injections are likely small and mainly driven by changes in climate, not aerosol settling (2026) · cites this paper as Tilmes et al., 2019
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“These limitations notwithstanding, the interactive chemistry-climate framework of WACCM allows us to capture coupled meteorological, chemical, and radiative feedbacks that are central to evaluating the air quality response to stratospheric aerosol injection (Tilmes et al., 2019).”
From Air quality impacts of stratospheric aerosol injections are likely small and mainly driven by changes in climate, not aerosol settling (2026) · cites this paper as Tilmes et al., 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tilmes, S., Hodzic, A., Emmons, L. K., Mills, M. J., Gettelman, A., Kinnison, D. E., Park, M., Lamarque, J. ‐., Vitt, F., Shrivastava, M., Campuzano‐Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., & Liu, X.
- Affiliations
- NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
- Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations and Modeling Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (US)
- University of Wyoming (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tilmes, S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4323-4351
- ISSN
- 1942-2466 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2995367207
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 9.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Keywords
- secondary organic aerosol, organic aerosol, radiative forcing, aerosol trends, CESM2, WACCM6, volatility basis set, aerosol optical depth, biogenic emissions, fossil fuel emissions, biomass burning emissions, aerosol direct effect, stratospheric aerosols, aerosol source apportionment
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