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Cited by 253Marine Plankton and BiogeochemistryOceanographic and Atmospheric ProcessesAquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

On the seasonal phytoplankton concentration and sea surface temperature cycles of the Gulf of Mexico as determined by satellites

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Müller‐Karger, Frank E., Walsh, John J., Evans, Robert H., Meyers, Mark B.·1991·Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
DOI 10.1029/91jc00787
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Abstract

Monthly climatologies of near‐surface phytoplankton pigment concentration and sea surface temperature (SST) were derived for the Gulf of Mexico from multiyear series of coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) (November 1978 to November 1985) and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) (January 1983 to December 1987) images. We complement these series with SST from the comprehensive ocean‐atmosphere data set (1946–1987) and Climate Analysis Center (1982–1990), and hydrographic profile data from the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center (1914–1985). The CZCS ocean color satellite data provide the first climatological time series of phytoplankton concentration for the region. The CZCS images show that seasonal variation in pigment concentration seaward of the shelf is synchronous throughout the gulf, with highest values (>0.18 mg m−3) in December to February and lowest values (∼0.06 mg m−3) in May to July. Variation in SST is also synchronous throughout the gulf, with maxima in July to September and minima in February to March, The amplitude of the SST variation in the western gulf is about twice that observed in the eastern gulf, and SST maxima and minima persist longer in the west. Larger amplitudes in SST variation are also observed toward the margins. While annual cycles of SST and pigment concentrations are out of phase relative to each other, the phases of mixed layer depth change and pigment concentration change are similar. Model simulations suggest that the single most important factor controlling the seasonal cycle in surface pigment concentration is the depth of the mixed layer. The combined use of ocean color and infrared images permits year‐round observation of spatial structure of the surface circulation in the gulf and the pattern of dispersal of the Mississippi River plume. Infrared images are most useful between November and mid‐May, when strong SST gradients occur. During this time, pigment concentrations are high and can be horizontally homogeneous. In contrast, between late May and October, SST fields are uniform, but the Loop Current and large anticyclonic eddies could be traced with the CZCS. Three anticyclonic eddies were observed in 1979, and at least two were observed in 1980. No eddies were observed during summers of subsequent years in the CZCS time series, but this may be a result of the dramatic decrease in the satellite sampling rate. The series of color images showed that small parcels of Mississippi River water were frequently (2–4 times a year) entrained in the cyclonic edge of the Loop Current, stretched along the Current, and carried to the southeast along the western Florida shelf. However, most of the Mississippi River water flowed to the west, following the Louisiana‐Texas coast as far south as the Mexico‐United States border. Here, a persistent cyclone may reside, exporting shelf constituents to deeper regions of the gulf.

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  1. Biggs D. C., 1984, Divers, Submersibles, and Marine Science, 17
  2. Biggs D. C., 1991, The Role of Fishing and Aquaculture in the Development of Rural Areas of the Caribbean
  3. Blumberg A. F., 1985, A simulation of the circulation in the Gulf of Mexico, Isr. J. Earth Sci., 34, 122
  4. Elliott B. A. Anticyclonic rings and the energetics of the circulation in the Gulf of Mexico Ph.D. dissertation Tex. A&M Univ. College Station 1979.
  5. Gordon H. R., 1982, Satellite measurement of the phytoplankton pigment concentration in the surface waters of a warm core Gulf Stream ring, J. Mar. Res., 40, 491
  6. Maul G. A., 1977, The annual cycle of the Gulf Loop Current, I, Observations during a one‐year time series, J. Mar. Res., 35, 29
  7. Maul G. A., 1984, Remotely sensed oceanography patterns and variability of bluefin tuna catch in the Gulf of Mexico, Oceanol. Acta, 7, 469
  8. Nowlin W. D., 1972, Contributions on the Physical Oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico, 3
  9. Nowlin W. D., 1972, Contributions on the Physical Oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico, 119
  10. Nowlin W. D., 1968, A detached eddy in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Mar. Res., 26, 185
  11. Paskausky D. F., 1972, Contributions on the Physical Oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico, 163
  12. Pechmann K. B., 1986, Gulf of Mexico 1985 Annual Summary, 49
  13. Reynolds R. W., 1987, Global sea‐surface temperature climatology from in‐situ, satellite, and ice data, Trop. Ocean‐Atmos. Newsl., 37, 15
  14. Schroeder W. W., 1974, The oceanic waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Yucatan Strait during July 1969, Bull. Mar. Sci., 24, 1
  15. 10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010<0806:OTHOSW>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
  16. 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1051:OTFOEC>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
  17. Wert R. T., 1972, Contributions on the Physical Oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico, 177

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Metadata

Authors
Müller‐Karger, F. E., Walsh, J. J., Evans, R. H., & Meyers, M. B.
Affiliations
  • University of South Florida St. Petersburg (US)
  • University of Miami (US)
ORCID
Walsh, John J.
Venue
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
1991-07-15
Volume
96
Issue
C7
Pages
12645-12665
ISSN
0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1029/91jc00787
OpenAlex
W2133454557
Cited by
252
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
FWCI
5.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 7738 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
  • Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
  • Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Energy
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • University of Miami
  • University of South Florida
  • Goddard Space Flight Center
  • Office of Naval Research (N00014)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Keywords
phytoplankton concentration, sea surface temperature, seasonal cycle, Gulf of Mexico, ocean color, Coastal Zone Color Scanner, AVHRR, mixed layer depth, Mississippi River plume, Loop Current, anticyclonic eddies, surface circulation, sea surface temperature gradient, satellite remote sensing of ocean, climatology

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