The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Possible implications of global climate change on global lightning distributions and frequencies
Abstract
The Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM) is used to study the possible implications of past and future climate change on global lightning frequencies. Two climate change experiments were conducted: one for a 2×CO 2 climate (representing a 4.2°C global warming) and one for a 2% decrease in the solar constant (representing a 5.9°C global cooling). The results suggest a 30% increase in global lightning activity for the warmer climate and a 24% decrease in global lightning activity for the colder climate. This implies an approximate 5–6% change in global lightning frequencies for every 1°C global warming/cooling. Both intracloud and cloud‐to‐ground frequencies are modeled, with cloud‐to‐ground lightning frequencies showing larger sensitivity to climate change than intracloud frequencies. The magnitude of the modeled lightning changes depends on season, location, and even time of day.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms
Hansen, J., Lacis, A., Rind, D., Russell, G., Stone, P., Fung, I., Ruedy, R., & Lerner, J. (1984) · Geophysical Monograph Series · doi:10.1029/gm029p0130 · Cited by 1,131
Efficient Three-Dimensional Global Models for Climate Studies: Models I and II
Hansen, J., Russell, G., Rind, D., Stone, P., Lacis, A., Lebedeff, S., Ruedy, R., & Travis, L. (1983) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<0609:etdgmf>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,052
A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions
Price, C., & Rind, D. (1992) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/92jd00719 · Cited by 850
The Schumann Resonance: A Global Tropical Thermometer
Williams, E. R. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.256.5060.1184 · Cited by 484
The effect of liquid water on thunderstorm charging
Saunders, C. P. R., Keith, W. D., & Mitzeva, R. (1991) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/91jd00970 · Cited by 425
Potential evapotranspiration and the likelihood of future drought
Rind, D., Goldberg, R., Hansen, J., Rosenzweig, C., & Ruedy, R. (1990) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd095id07p09983 · Cited by 376
White, J. W. C., Houghton, J. T., Jenkins, G. J., & Ephraums, J. J. (1992) · Arctic and Alpine Research · doi:10.2307/1551672 · Cited by 315
Effect of climate change on fire regimes in northwestern Minnesota
Clark, J. S. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/334233a0 · Cited by 284
Large‐scale charge separation in thunderclouds
Williams, E. R. (1985) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd090id04p06013 · Cited by 274
Vertically Velocity Characteristics of Oceanic Convection
Jorgensen, D. P., & LeMone, M. A. (1989) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<0621:vvcooc>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 239
Cited by
Global wildland fire season severity in the 21st century
Flannigan, M., Cantin, A. S., de Groot, W. J., Wotton, M., Newbery, A., & Gowman, L. M. (2013) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.022 · Cited by 822
A biogeographic model of fire regimes in Australia: current and future implications
Bradstock, R. A. (2010) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00512.x · Cited by 798
Climate-induced boreal forest change: Predictions versus current observations
Soja, A. J., Tchebakova, N. M., French, N. H. F., Flannigan, M. D., Shugart, H. H., Stocks, B. J., Sukhinin, A. I., Parfenova, E. I., Chapin, F. S., & Stackhouse, P. W. (2007) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.028 · Cited by 758
The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source
Schumann, U., & Huntrieser, H. (2007) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-7-3823-2007 · Cited by 708
Young, P. J., Archibald, A. T., Bowman, K. W., Lamarque, J.-F., Naik, V., Stevenson, D. S., Tilmes, S., Voulgarakis, A., Wild, O., Bergmann, D., et al. (2013) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-13-2063-2013 · Cited by 677
Metadata
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1994-05-20
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- D5
- Pages
- 10823-10831
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2014067085
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 7.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Possible implications of global climate change on global lightning distributions and frequencies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1029/94jd00019
- The paper
- Possible implications of global climate change on global lightning distributions and frequencies. (1994). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. https://doi.org/10.1029/94jd00019
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.