Cited by 1,492Radio Wave Propagation StudiesGNSS positioning and interferenceIonosphere and magnetosphere dynamics

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Atmospheric Correction for the Troposphere and Stratosphere in Radio Ranging Satellites

Saastamoinen, J.·2013·Geophysical Monograph Series

DOI 10.1029/gm015p0247

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Abstract

Since the barometer measures the weight of the overlying atmosphere, it follows by the law of Gladstone and Dale that the height integral ∫(n − 1)dr of the atmospheric refractivity for radio microwaves, taken from ground level up to the top of the stratosphere, is in a dry atmosphere directly proportional to ground pressure. The refractivity integral, therefore, can be determined without detailed knowledge of the height distribution of the refractive index, which not only simplifies the derivation of refraction formulas in which atmospheric models have been used hitherto, but also improves their accuracy. The range correction for troposphere and stratosphere to be subtracted from the observed microwave distance will be given by the formula Δs(meters) = 0.002277 sec z[p + (1255/T + 0.05)e − 1.16 tan2 z] where z is the zenith distance, p is the total barometric pressure and e is the partial pressure of water vapor, both in millibars, and T is the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin.

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Resolution 1 of the 13th General Assembly
International Association of Geodesy (1963) · Bull. Geod.
Unresolved
The physical theory of astronomical refraction (abstract
Saastamoinen (1970) · Eos Trans. AGU
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Authors: Saastamoinen, J.
Affiliations: National Research Council Canada (CA)
Corresponding author: Saastamoinen, J.
Venue: Geophysical Monograph Series
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Published: 2013-03-15
Pages: 247-251
ISSN: 0065-8448 (ISSN-L)
2328-8779
DOI: 10.1029/gm015p0247
OpenAlex: W1535176033
Semantic Scholar: 012b36897f1c3f9d99cb6f9bbb98012eae001bdf
Cited by: 1,492
References: 2
Citations by year: 2026: 65 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 36
FWCI: 157.69
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Geophysical monograph (publishedVersion)
NPARC (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Radio Wave Propagation Studies
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › GNSS positioning and interference
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
Keywords: atmospheric correction, troposphere, stratosphere, radio ranging, atmospheric pressure, zenith distance, range correction, water vapor pressure, atmospheric refraction

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Atmospheric Correction for the Troposphere and Stratosphere in Radio Ranging Satellites

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