Coastal upwelling off Peru during normal and El Niño times, 1981–1984
Abstract
Repeated conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sections were made across the continental margin off Peru at 5°S and 10°S between November 1981 and May 1984, i.e., before, during, and after El Niño of 1982–1983. Coastal sea level at Paita (5°S) and Callao (12°S) began to rise in early October 1982 and returned to normal in July 1983. Coastal winds, which are normally favorable for upwelling, remained normal during October 1982; between November 1982 and May 1983 they were weaker than normal at Talara and Paita (5°S) but stronger than normal at Callao (12°S). Between mid‐March and mid‐April 1983, winds at 5°S were very weak or even unfavorable for upwelling. Repeated CTD sections at 5°S show signs of active upwelling (a negative onshore surface temperature gradient and upward sloping isotherms near the coast) whenever local winds were favorable for upwelling, but not when winds were calm or unfavorable. At 10°S, winds remained favorable for upwelling throughout El Niño. At both 5°S and 10°S, the apparent source depth of upwelling waters, 50–100 m, remained the same before, during, and after El Niño; this layer is normally below the thermocline, but during El Niño it was at the top of the depressed thermocline. The upwelling that occurred during El Niño resulted only in the upwelling of warm, nutrient‐poor waters. In May 1983, a CTD section at 10°S indicated that upwelling had ceased there in spite of continued strong, upwelling‐favorable winds; this cessation of upwelling…
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Alongshore pressure gradient variability is another factor that can modulate upwelling intensity on synoptic, seasonal, and longer time scales, frequently in the sense of an upwelling reduction.
“Finally, note that alongshore pressure gradient variability is another factor that can modulate upwelling intensity on synoptic, seasonal, and longer time scales (Werner and Hickey 1983;Huyer et al. 1987;Colas et al. 2008;Marchesiello et al. 2010;McCabe et al. 2015;Jacox et al. 2018), frequently in the sense of an upwelling reduction.”
From Competition between Baroclinic Instability and Ekman Transport under Varying Buoyancy Forcings in Upwelling Systems: An Idealized Analog to the Southern Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Huyer et al. 1987
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Doering, K., Ehlert, C., Pahnke, K., Frank, M., Schneider, R. R., & Grasse, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.666896 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Ekman modulation of the sea-surface temperature on the Eastern South Pacific
Soto-Mardones, L., Pares‐Sierra, A. F., & Durazo, R. (2004) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.06.006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Trends and patterns of SST and associated frontal frequency in the Vietnamese upwelling center
Le, P. T. D., & Fischer, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Marine Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103600 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chapter 9 Satellites, society, and the peruvian fisheries during the 1997-1998 el niño
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Sulfides as environmental stressors in Paracas Bay, Peru
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- Authors
- Huyer, A., Smith, R. L., & Paluszkiewicz, T.
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1987-12-15
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- C13
- Pages
- 14297-14307
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029598829
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Keywords
- coastal upwelling, El Niño, 1982-1983 El Niño, Peru continental margin, sea level rise, coastal wind, thermocline, alongshore pressure gradient, geostrophic currents, nutrient-poor waters, Paita, Callao
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