Seasonal amplitude increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, 1959–1982
Abstract
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory exhibits a seasonal pattern that repeats with striking regularity from year to year. The amplitude of this seasonal signal, expressed either by peak‐to‐peak changes in concentration or as a series of harmonic terms, increased at an average rate of about 0.7% per year from 1958 to 1982. The estimated standard error in the linear coefficient of increase is 0.09%. Thus the increase appears to be highly significant statistically. A detailed examination of methods of calibration and of data analysis during this long record do not reveal any inconsistencies large enough to be responsible for the increase. Because the seasonal cycle of CO 2 in the northern hemisphere is thought to be due principally to the metabolic activity of terrestrial vegetation, it is likely that at least part of the increase is a result of increasing plant activity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The annual cycle of global atmospheric CO2 abundance produces a 1-2% change in CO2 abundance over the year.
“This cycle produces a 1–2% change in the CO2 abundance over the year”
From Reflections on O <sub>2</sub> as a Biosignature in Exoplanetary Atmospheres (2017) · cites this paper as Bacastow et al., 1985
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
Keeling, C. D., Bacastow, R. B., Bainbridge, A. E., Ekdahl, C. A., Guenther, P. R., Waterman, L. S., & Chin, J. F. S. (1976) · Tellus · doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00701.x · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data
Potter, C., Randerson, J., Field, C., Matson, P., Vitousek, P., Mooney, H., & Klooster, S. (1993) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/93gb02725 · Cited by 2,930 · see citing works
Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980
Keeling, C. D., Whorf, T., Wahlen, M., & van der Plichtt, J. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375666a0 · Cited by 1,343 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased activity of northern vegetation inferred from atmospheric CO2 measurements
Keeling, C. D., Chin, J., & Whorf, T. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382146a0 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Self-citationAtmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean
Siegenthaler, U., & Sarmiento, J. L. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365119a0 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory: 2. Analysis of the NOAA GMCC data, 1974–1985
Thoning, K., Tans, P., & Komhyr, W. (1989) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd094id06p08549 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Conway, T., Tans, P., Waterman, L., Thoning, K., Kitzis, D., Masarie, K., & Ni, Z.-B. (1994) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/94jd01951 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere.
Rogers, H., Runion, G., & Krupa, S. (1994) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/0269-7491(94)90034-5 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
“The recurring saw-toothed pattern is thought to reflect the seasonal cycle of the growth of vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere (Bacastow et al., 1985).”
BackgroundRadiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone
Lacis, A. A., Wuebbles, D. J., & Logan, J. A. (1990) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd095id07p09971 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Randerson, J. T., Thompson, M. V., Conway, T. J., FUNG, I. Y., & Field, C. B. (1997) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/97gb02268 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Enhanced seasonal CO2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems
Forkel, M., Carvalhais, N., Rödenbeck, C., Keeling, R., Heimann, M., Thonicke, K., Zaehle, S., & Reichstein, M. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac4971 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO 2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960
Graven, H., Keeling, R. F., Piper, S. C., Patra, P. K., Stephens, B. B., Wofsy, S. C., Welp, L. R., Sweeney, C., Tans, P. P., Kelley, J. J., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1239207 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Fung, I., Tucker, C., & Prentice, K. (1987) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd092id03p02999 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Houghton, R., Davidson, E., & Woodwell, G. (1998) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/97gb02729 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Grimmond, C., King, T. S., Cropley, F., Nowak, D. J., & Souch, C. (2002) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00256-1 · Cited by 260
Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plant growth: the interactive role of air temperature
Idso, S. B., Kimball, B., Anderson, M. G., & Mauney, J. (1987) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/0167-8809(87)90023-5 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Mook, W., Koopmans, M., Carter, A. F., & Keeling, C. D. (1983) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jc088ic15p10915 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationSirignano, C., Neubert, R., Rödenbeck, C., & Meijer, H. (2008) · doi:10.5194/acp-10-1599-2010 · Cited by 212
“We are aware of the existence of inter-annual variations in the seasonal amplitude as well as in the trend, as has been shown by Bacastow et al. (1985) and Keeling et al. (1995), however, our measurement record so far is too short to allow for a meaningful analysis of these variations.”
Agricultural Green Revolution as a driver of increasing atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplitude
Zeng, N., Zhao, F., Collatz, G. J., Kalnay, E., Salawitch, R. J., West, T. O., & Guanter, L. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13893 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Effects of fuel and forest conservation on future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Walker, J. C., & Kasting, J. (1992) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/0031-0182(92)90207-l · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“Keeling et al. (1989b) and Esser (1987) have also ascribed the missing sink to carbon dioxide fertilization, which may be the cause of the increasing amplitude of seasonal change in carbon dioxide (Bacastrow et al., 1985; Houghton, 1987).”
BackgroundProduction of the greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 by hydroelectric reservoirs of the boreal region
Duchemin, E., Lucotte, M., Canuel, R., & Chamberland, A. (1995) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/95gb02202 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements in the remote global troposphere, 1981-1984
Conway, T. J., Tans, P. P., Waterman, L. S., Thoning, K. W., Masarif, K. A., & Gammon, R. H. (1988) · Tellus B · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v40i2.15631 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Bonan, G. (1995) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/0034-4257(94)00065-u · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Reflections on O <sub>2</sub> as a Biosignature in Exoplanetary Atmospheres
Meadows, V. S. (2017) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1578 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“This cycle produces a 1–2% change in the CO2 abundance over the year (Keeling et al., 1976, 1996; Bacastow et al., 1985), and its amplitude in the global average is a function of our land mass distribution and obliquity.”
BackgroundRanderson, J., Thompson, M. V., Malmstrom, C., Field, C., & Fung, I. (1996) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/96gb01981 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The modulated annual cycle: an alternative reference frame for climate anomalies
Wu, Z., Schneider, E. K., Kirtman, B. P., Sarachik, E. S., Huang, N. E., & Tucker, C. J. (2008) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0437-z · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“More complicated methods of extracting an AC, such as Fourier-based filtering (Bacastow et al. 1985; Thoning and Tans 1989), are also widely used in climate studies, especially in the description of the global carbon cycle.”
MethodTWO CURVE FITTING METHODS APPLIED TO CO2 FLASK DATA
Nakazawa, T., Ishizawa, M., Higuchi, K., & TRIVETT, N. B. A. (1997) · Environmetrics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-095x(199705)8:3 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Boreal forests and atmosphere–biosphere exchange of carbon dioxide
D'Arrigo, R., Jacoby, G., & Fung, I. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/329321a0 · Cited by 140
Direct human influence on atmospheric CO2 seasonality from increased cropland productivity
Gray, J., Frolking, S., Kort, E. A., Ray, D. K., Kucharik, C. J., Ramankutty, N., & Friedl, M. A. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13957 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Temporal and spatial variations of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric carbon dioxide
Nakazawa, T., Miyashita, K., Aoki, S., & Tanaka, M. (1991) · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v43i2.15254 · Cited by 132
Keeling, C. D., Bacastow, R., Carter, A. F., Piper, S., Whorf, T., Heimann, M., Mook, W., & Roeloffzen, H. (2013) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1029/gm055p0165 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the use of smoothing splines to filter CO 2 data
Enting, I. G. (1987) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd092id09p10977 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Streck, N. (2005) · doi:10.1590/s0103-84782005000300041 · Cited by 124
“Changes in Earth’s climate have been projected by the end of this century because some atmospheric “greenhouse” gases, among them carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), are increasing (BACASTOW et al., 1985; IPCC, 2001).”
BackgroundMatsueda, H., Inoue, H. Y., & Ishii, M. (2002) · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v54i1.16645 · Cited by 109
Benchmarking coupled climate‐carbon models against long‐term atmospheric CO2 measurements
Cadule, P., Friedlingstein, P., Bopp, L., Sitch, S. A., JONES, C. D., Ciais, P., Piao, S. L., & Peylin, P. (2010) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2009gb003556 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Atmosphere-biosphere exchange of carbon dioxide in boreal forests
Bonan, G. (1991) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/90jd02713 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Greenhouse gas observations from Cabauw Tall Tower (1992–2010)
Vermeulen, A., Hensen, A., Popa, M., van den Bulk, W. V. D., & Jongejan, P. (2011) · Atmospheric measurement techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-4-617-2011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Recursive forecasting, smoothing and seasonal adjustment of non‐stationary environmental data
Young, P., Ng, C., Lane, K., & Parker, D. (1991) · doi:10.1002/for.3980100105 · Cited by 94
Whiting, G. (1994) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/93jd01833 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Reid, K. H., & Steyn, D. (1997) · doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00050-2 · Cited by 89
Leaf and canopy responses to elevated CO2 in a pine forest under free-air CO2 enrichment
Ellsworth, D., Oren, R., Huang, C., Phillips, N., & Hendrey, G. (1995) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00328578 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Keeling, R. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1156761 · Cited by 83
Winter and Spring Thaw as Observed with Imaging Radar at BOREAS
Way, J., Zimmermann, R., Rignot, E., McDonald, K., & Oren, R. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jd03878 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Shrubland expansion in the American Southwest
Idso, S. B. (1992) · doi:10.1007/bf00143345 · Cited by 83
Kohlmaier, G., Siré, E., Janecek, A., Keeling, C. D., Piper, S., & Revelle, R. (1989) · Tellus B · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v41i5.15107 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationLevis, S., & Bonan, G. (2004) · doi:10.1175/3218.1 · Cited by 79
Evaluating the type and state of Alaska taiga forests with imaging radar for use in ecosystem models
Way, J., Rignot, E., McDonald, K., Oren, R., Kwok, R., Bonan, G., Dobson, M., Viereck, L., & Roth, J. E. (1994) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/36.295050 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Idso, S. B., & Kimball, B. A. (1991) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.96.3.990 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Essentially everyone who has studied this phenomenon has acknowledged that the only plausible explanation for the increasing amplitude of the air's annual CO2 cycle is that the photosynthetic activity of the world's plant life is growing ever more robust as a result ofthe ever-increasing CO2 content ofthe atmosphere (…”
BackgroundIdso, S. B., & Kimball, B. (1993) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/93gb01164 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
On the causes of trends in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2
Piao, S., Liu, Z., Wang, Y.-L., Ciais, P., Yao, Y.-T., Peng, S., Chevallier, F., Friedlingstein, P., Janssens, I., Peñuelas, J., et al. (2018) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13909 · Cited by 72
Leuenberger, M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/s1936-7961(07)01014-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Evolution of natural and anthropogenic fluxes of atmospheric CO2 from 1957 to 2003
Keeling, C. D., Piper, S., Whorf, T., & Keeling, R. (2011) · Tellus B · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00507.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Each concentration and isotopic data set has been seasonally adjusted, and smoothed by a spline fit with a controlled average of its second derivative (Bacastow et al., 1985) to provide interannually varying time series consistent in smoothness from station to station.”
MethodSelf-citationClimate Simulation and Change in the Brazilian Climate Model
Nobre, P., Siqueira, L. S. P., de Almeida, R. A. F., Malagutti, M., Giarolla, E., Castelão, G., Bottino, M. J., Kubota, P. Y., Figueroa, S. N., Costa, M. C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-12-00580.1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Historical data from Bacastow et al. (1985) were regressed onto a parabolic equation defined by CO25 at 2 1bt1 c , where the CO2 concentration is in ppm, t is the number of fractional years since 2000, a 5 0.011 669 6, b 5 1.799 84, and c 5 369.”
MethodInfluentialZhou, L.-X., Tang, J., Wen, Y.-P., Li, J., Yan, P., & Zhang, X.-C. (2003) · Tellus B · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16754 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“The study of longer-time atmospheric CO2 monitoring records (Bacastow et al., 1985; Tans et al., 2001) showed that CO2 seasonal amplitude of the NH was enhanced in past decades.”
BackgroundMethodKeeling, C. D., & Heimann, M. (1986) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd091id07p07782 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental responses of rice to photoperiod and carbon dioxide concentration
Baker, J., Allen, L. H., Boote, K., Jones, P. H., & Jones, J. W. (1990) · doi:10.1016/0168-1923(90)90054-a · Cited by 61
CO2-induced global warming: a skeptic\'s view of potential climate change
Idso, S. B. (1998) · Climate Research · doi:10.3354/cr010069 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…as is evident in (1) the ever-increasing amplitude of the seasonal cycle of the air’s CO2 concentration (Pearman & Hyson 1981, Cleveland et al. 1983, Bacastow et al. 1985, Keeling et al. 1985, 1995, 1996, Myneni et al. 1997), (2) the upward trends in a number of long tree-ring records that mirror…”
BackgroundSimulations of the trend and annual cycle in stratospheric CO2
Hall, T., & Prather, M. (1993) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/93jd00325 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Assessment of the impact of rising carbon dioxide and other potential climate changes on vegetation.
Baker, J., & Allen, L. H. (1994) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/0269-7491(94)90037-x · Cited by 56
Investigating bias in the application of curve fitting programs to atmospheric time series
Pickers, P., & Manning, A. (2014) · doi:10.5194/amt-8-1469-2015 · Cited by 55
“The function E(t) is subtracted from the data to remove the long-term trend, and the interannual variations are then fitted to a Reinsch-type cubic spline function, R(t) (Reinsch, 1967), to represent any irregular variations (Bacastow et al., 1985).”
BackgroundMethodAirborne observations of spatial and temporal variability of tropospheric carbon dioxide
Anderson, B. E., Gregory, G., Collins, J., Sachse, G., Conway, T., & Whiting, G. (1996) · Oceanographic Literature Review · doi:10.1029/95jd00413 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Biotic changes consistent with the increased seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2 concentrations
Houghton, R. A. (1987) · doi:10.1029/jd092id04p04223 · Cited by 52
Idso, S. B., Kimball, B., & Allen, S. (1991) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/0168-1923(91)90043-p · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The interannual variation in the seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa
Enting, I. (1987) · doi:10.1029/jd092id05p05497 · Cited by 50
High Purity CO2 from Direct Air Capture using a Single TVSA Cycle with Na-X Zeolites
Wilson, S. M. W. (2022) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121186 · Cited by 49
Modelling stimulation of plants and ecosystem response to present levels of excess atmospheric CO2
Kohlmaier, G., Bröhl, H., Siré, E., Plöchl, M., & Revelle, R. (1987) · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.1987.tb00279.x · Cited by 49
Zhou, L.-X., Conway, T. J., White, J., Mukai, H., Zhang, X.-C., Wen, Y.-P., Li, J., & MacClune, K. (2005) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2004gb002430 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“A study of the secular trend of the CO2 seasonal amplitude from longer atmospheric CO2 monitoring records found that the seasonal amplitude in the NH had increased [Bacastow et al., 1985].”
BackgroundThe concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide at ocean weather station P from 1969 to 1981
Keeling, C. D., Whorf, T., Wong, C., & Bellagay, R. D. (1985) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd090id06p10511 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationSimulating the atmospheric carbon dioxide distribution with a three-dimensional tracer model
Heimann, M., Keeling, C. D., & Fung, I. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1915-4_2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationIto, A., Inatomi, M., Huntzinger, D. N., Schwalm, C., Michalak, A., Cook, R., King, A., Mao, J., Wei, Y.-X., Post, W. M., et al. (2016) · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v68.28968 · Cited by 45
“This finding is consistent with previous results reported by researchers such as Bacastow et al. (1985) and Keeling et al. (1996) but is associated with a higher level of confidence because it is based on novel analyses using longterm ground and aircraft data and atmospheric transport models.”
ResultA statistical gap‐filling method to interpolate global monthly surface ocean carbon dioxide data
Jones, S., Quéré, C. L., Rödenbeck, C., Manning, A., & Olsen, A. (2015) · doi:10.1002/2014ms000416 · Cited by 44
King, A., O'Neill, R., & DeAngelis, D. (1989) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/gb003i004p00337 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Growth and fruiting of tomato as influenced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone.
Reinert, R., Eason, G., & Barton, J. (1997) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00846.x · Cited by 42
King, A., Emanuel, W., & Post, W. (1992) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/bf02393912 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Zhao, F., & Zeng, N. (2014) · doi:10.5194/esd-5-423-2014 · Cited by 40
“rapid increase in MLO CO2 amplitude (Pearman and Hyson, 1981; Cleveland et al., 1983; Bacastow et al., 1985).”
BackgroundMethodThe warming of the industrialized middle latitudes 1985–2050: Causes and consequences
Woodwell, G. (1989) · doi:10.1007/bf00138844 · Cited by 39
Zhao, F., Zeng, N., Asrar, G., Friedlingstein, P., Ito, A., Jain, A. K., Kalnay, E., Kato, E., Koven, C. D., Poulter, B., et al. (2016) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-13-5121-2016 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Previous studies have attempted to attribute the long-term CO 2 amplitude increase to stimulated vegetation growth under rising CO 2 and increasing nitrogen deposition (Bacastow et al., 1985; Reich and Hobbie, 2013; Sillen and Dieleman, 2012 .”
Is the amplitude of the methane seasonal cycle changing
Dlugokencky, E., Masarie, K., Tans, P., Conway, T., & Xiong, X. (1997) · doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(96)00174-4 · Cited by 35
Carbon Dioxide: Its Natural Cycle and Anthropogenic Perturbation
Siegenthaler, U. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4738-2_9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Barlow, J. M., Palmer, P. I., Bruhwiler, L., & Tans, P. P. (2015) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-15-13739-2015 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kim, H. (2000) · International geophysics/International geophysics series · doi:10.1016/s0074-6142(00)80117-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Atmospheric CO2 variations at Barrow, Alaska, 1973–1982
Peterson, J., Komhyr, W., Waterman, L., Gammon, R., Thoning, K., & Conway, T. (1986) · Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry · doi:10.1007/bf00053848 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Causes of slowing‐down seasonal CO2 amplitude at Mauna Loa
Wang, K., Wang, Y., Wang, X., He, Y. L., Li, X., Keeling, R. F., Ciais, P., Heimann, M., Peng, S., Chevallier, F., et al. (2020) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15162 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…future projections of the global carbon cycle (Wenzel, Cox, Eyring, & Friedlingstein, 2016), and the deceleration of SCA at MLO may also offer some indications on whether the persistent in - crease in SCA at higher latitudes will continue in the future (Bacastow et al., 1985; Keeling et al., 1996)”
InfluentialPotential Climate Change Effects on Rice: Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
Baker, J., Boote, K., & Allen, L. (2015) · doi:10.2134/asaspecpub59.c2 · Cited by 31
Oudot, C., & Andrié, C. (1989) · Tellus B · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v41i5.15110 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Handbook on Energy and Climate Change
Fouquet, R. (2013) · doi:10.4337/9780857933690 · Cited by 30
“Bacastow et al. (1985) suggest that easier absorption outweighs upwelling during episodes of La Niña (SOI .”
BackgroundWu, J.-B., Guan, D., Yuan, F., Yang, H., Wang, A., & Jin, C. (2012) · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.013 · Cited by 30
Response of the seasonal carbon cycle in high latitudes to climate anomalies
Wu, W., & Lynch, A. (2000) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000jd900340 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Growth Response of a Succulent Plant, Agave vilmoriniana, to Elevated CO(2).
Idso, S. B., Kimball, B. A., Anderson, M. G., & Szarek, S. (1986) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.80.3.796 · Cited by 30
Measurement of long-term average carbon dioxide concentrations using passive diffusion sampling
Bertoni, G., Ciuchini, C., & Tappa, R. (2004) · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.010 · Cited by 29
AIRS retrieved CO2 and its association with climatic parameters over India during 2004-2011.
Kumar, K. R., Revadekar, J. V., & Tiwari, Y. (2014) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.118 · Cited by 28
Storm, I., Karstens, U., D’Onofrio, C., Vermeulen, A. T., & Peters, W. (2023) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-23-4993-2023 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Our understanding of the carbon cycle has evolved over the last few decades, and atmospheric observations have been indispensable to gain deeper insights (Tans et al., 1990; Keeling et al., 2001; Francey et al., 1999; Bacastow et al., 1985).”
BackgroundInfluentialKeeling, C. D. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-84608-3_17 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationSeasonal CO2 amplitude in northern high latitudes
Liu, Z., Rogers, B. M., Keppel‐Aleks, G., Helbig, M., Ballantyne, A. P., Kimball, J. S., Chatterjee, A., Foster, A. C., Kaushik, A., Virkkala, A., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-024-00600-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Long-term increases in the SCA were first noted in the 1980s at Point Barrow 21,22 , but later analyses of longer time series with expanded spatial coverage show the SCA increasing at the global scale 23 .”
Modelling Cycles in Climate Series: The Fractional Sinusoidal Waveform Process
Proietti, T., & Maddanu, F. (2022) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3945978 · Cited by 26
CO 2 annual and semiannual cycles from multiple satellite retrievals and models
Jiang, X., Crisp, D., Olsen, E. T., Kulawik, S. S., Miller, C. E., Pagano, T. S., Liang, M., & Yung, Y. L. (2016) · Earth and Space Science · doi:10.1002/2014ea000045 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Superimposed on this trend is an annual cycle resulting from the uptake and release of CO2 by vegetation [Pearman and Hyson, 1980, 1981; Cleveland et al., 1983; Bacastow et al., 1985; Keeling et al., 1996; Buermann et al., 2007].”
BackgroundEvolution du CO2 océanique et atmosphérique sur la période 1982–1984 dans l'Atlantique tropical
Oudot, C., Andrié, C., & Montel, Y. (1987) · Deep Sea Research Part A Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/0198-0149(87)90067-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fritschi, F., Boote, K. J., Sollenberger, L., & Hartwell, L. (1999) · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00260.x · Cited by 24
“…general circulation models project that the accumulation of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will result in average global surface air temperature increases of 1.7° to 3.8 °C by the year 2100 (Bacastow et al. 1985; Keeling et al. 1989; Watson et al. 1990; Wigley & Raper 1992).”
BackgroundInfluentialBiological methanogenesis and the CO2 greenhouse effect
Guthrie, P. (1986) · doi:10.1029/jd091id10p10847 · Cited by 24
Global environment change and simulated forage quality of wheat I. Nonstressed conditions
Sinclair, T., & Seligman, N. (1995) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/0378-4290(94)00091-p · Cited by 24 · see citing works
CO2 Snow Deposition in Antarctica to Curtail Anthropogenic Global Warming
Agee, E., Orton, A., & Rogers, J. (2013) · Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · doi:10.1175/jamc-d-12-0110.1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bacastow, R. B., Keeling, C. D., & Whorf, T. P.
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1985-10-20
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- D6
- Pages
- 10529-10540
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1969078255
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 26.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Keywords
- atmospheric CO2, seasonal cycle, Mauna Loa Observatory, plant activity, data calibration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
