Correction of accelerator mass spectrometry14C ages measured in planktonic foraminifera: Paleoceanographic implications
Open accessAbstract
Carbon 14 dates obtained by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on foraminiferal samples from deep‐sea sediment cores must be corrected for the difference in 14 C composition between the atmosphere and the sea surface. In the modern ocean, the “apparent age” of carbonate shells formed in surface waters varies between 300 and 1200 years and depends mainly on latitude. The time variation of this parameter during climate oscillations of the last 40,000 years may have been significant: there should have been small changes for most of the ocean between 40°S and 40°N, but an increase of the apparent age by several hundred years should be expected at high latitudes in response to subpolar/subtropical front movements. The North Atlantic is likely to have experienced the most significant changes, due to large variations in the mode and rate of North Atlantic Deep Water production. These hypothetical changes may be measured by coupled AMS 14 C dating of contemporaneous planktonic foraminifera and terrestrial organic matter (pollen, charcoal, wood, etc.) which occur in the same core or are stratigraphically linked by the same volcanic ash layer. The Δ(14 C atmosphere,14 C sea surface) can be viewed as a new paleoceanographic tracer which may provide additional information about high latitude surface waters complementary to those obtained with 13 C/12 C and Cd/Ca ratios measured in planktonic foraminifera.
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Atmospheric pCO2 minima during the LGM preserved in Antarctic ice core bubbles contributed to an MRA increase of about 200 14C yr due to reduced atmospheric CO2 exchange with the ocean.
“For example, it was well recognized that the atmospheric pCO2 minima during the LGM preserved in bubbles from Antarctic ice cores certainly contributed to an MRA increase of about 200 14 C yr due to reduced atmospheric CO2 exchange with the ocean (Bard 1988; Galbraith et al. 2015).”
From The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP) (2020) · cites this paper as Bard 1988
In “Change in the Reservoir Sizes” (indexed under “Change of Temperature”; page unavailable), Bard calculates an apparent-age increase of about 150 radiocarbon years for a 30% reduction in atmospheric CO2, under an upper-limit assumption. The paper does not establish the claimed increase of about 200 years or attribute that effect specifically to reduced air–ocean CO2 exchange; its “Change of the Ocean Surface Area” section treats reduced exchange area as a separate mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947 · Cited by 14,591 · see citing works
The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.41 · Cited by 7,900 · see citing works
“For example, it was well recognized that the atmospheric pCO2 minima during the LGM preserved in bubbles from Antarctic ice cores certainly contributed to an MRA increase of about 200 14C yr due to reduced atmospheric CO2 exchange with the ocean (Bard 1988; Galbraith et al. 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe North Atlantic atmosphere-sea surface 14C gradient during the Younger Dryas climatic event
Bard, E., Arnold, M., Mangerud, J., Paterne, M., Labeyrie, L., Duprat, J., Mélières, M.-A., Sønstegaard, E., & Duplessy, J.-C. (1994) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(94)90112-0 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Self-citationRadiocarbon constraints on the glacial ocean circulation and its impact on atmospheric CO2
Skinner, L. C., Primeau, F., Freeman, E., de la Fuente, M., Goodwin, P. A., Gottschalk, J., Huang, E., McCave, I. N., Noble, T. L., & Scrivner, A. E. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms16010 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Hunt, J. B., Kroon, D., & Peacock, J. D. (1995) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200014788 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationBard, E., Ménot, G., Rostek, F., Licari, L., Böning, P., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Wang, Y., & Heaton, T. J. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.17114 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationBraziunas, T. F., Fung, I. Y., & Stuiver, M. (1995) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/95gb01725 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Capano, M., Miramont, C., Guibal, F., Kromer, B., Tuna, T., Fagault, Y., & Bard, E. (2018) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2017.83 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of <sup>14</sup>C and U-Th Ages in Corals from IODP #310 Cores Offshore Tahiti
Durand, N., Deschamps, P., Bard, E., Hamelin, B., Camoin, G., Thomas, A. L., Henderson, G. M., Yokoyama, Y., & Matsuzaki, H. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i2.16134 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bard, E.
- Venue
- Paleoceanography
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1988-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 635-645
- ISSN
- 0883-8305 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9186
- OpenAlex
- W2141972425
- Cited by
- 472
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Paleoceanography (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and environmental studies
- Keywords
- radiocarbon dating, planktonic foraminifera, apparent age, deep-sea sediment core, North Atlantic Deep Water, subpolar front, terrestrial organic matter, volcanic ash layers
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