Cited by 170Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentTreatment of Major DepressionPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

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Frequency of manic symptoms during a depressive episode and unipolar ‘depressive mixed state’ as bipolar spectrum

Sato, T., Bottlender, R., Schröter, A., Möller, H.‐J.·2003·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00051.x

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Abstract

Objective: To report the frequency of intra‐episode manic symptoms in depressive episodes, and to evaluate unipolar depressive mixed state (DMS) as bipolar spectrum. Method: A total of 958 (863 unipolar, 25 bipolar II, and 70 bipolar I) depressive in‐patients were assessed in terms of manic symptoms at admission, and several clinical variables using standardized methods. Results: The frequency of manic symptoms (flight of idea, logorrhea, aggression, excessive social contact, increased drive, irritability, racing thoughts, and distractibility) was significantly higher in bipolar depressives than in unipolar depressives. Unipolar depressives with DMS – defined as having two or more manic symptoms – had more similarities to bipolar depressives than to other unipolar depressives in clinical variables such as onset age, family history of bipolar disorder, and possibly suicidality. Conclusion: Depressive mixed state is frequent, particular in bipolar depressives. Unipolar depressives with DMS may be better classified into bipolar spectrum.

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Authors: Sato, T., Bottlender, R., Schröter, A., & Möller, H. ‐.
Affiliations: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Corresponding author: Sato, T.
ORCID: Möller, H.‐J.
Venue: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-03-27
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 268-274
ISSN: 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
1600-0447
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00051.x
OpenAlex: W2114010171
Cited by: 170
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 13.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: depressive mixed state, manic symptoms, bipolar spectrum, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, depressive episodes, bipolar II disorder, bipolar I disorder, irritability, suicidality, family history of bipolar disorder, age of onset
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Periodicity, Severity of Illness Index, Disease Progression

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Frequency of manic symptoms during a depressive episode and unipolar ‘depressive mixed state’ as bipolar spectrum

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