Effects of glucose on formation of cytotoxic end‐products and proteolytic activity of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gingivalis
Abstract
Black-pigmented bacteria which produce cytotoxic metabolic end-products and cell membrane-associated proteases have been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. These bacterial virulence factors can be modified by the environmental conditions including nutrients supplied variously into the oral cavity. Although glucose is one of the most essential nutrients for oral bacteria, the exogenous supply of glucose may be discontinuous and the glucose concentration in a periodontal pocket may be influenced by the depth of the periodontal pocket. Therefore, effects of glucose as an environmental factor on the virulence factors of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas in the presence o glucose.,bo t P. intermedia and P. nigrescens markedly decreased the production of cytotoxic end-products including succinate.,isobutyrate,isovalerate and ammonia, although their growth was increased. Furthermore, the proteolytic activities such as immunoglobulin- albumin- and casein-degrading activities of these bacteria were decreased in the presence of glucose. On the other hand, no effect of glucose on the metabolic activity of P gingivalis was observed. These results suggest that pathogenicity of P. intermedia P. nigrescens may be decreased by the presence of glucose.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Glucose concentration is an environmental factor that may or may not favor the virulence of oral bacteria.
“Glucose concentration is an environmental factor that may or may not favor the virulence of oral bacteria.”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
Although glucose is an essential nutrient for the survival of oral bacteria, its exogenous supply can be discontinuous, and the depth of the periodontal pocket can influence its concentration within a periodontal pocket.
“In one study, it was seen that although glucose is an essential nutrient for the survival of oral bacteria, its exogenous supply can be discontinuous, and the depth of the periodontal pocket can influence its concentration within a periodontal pocket.”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
Some bacteria, including Prevotella intermedia, exist as both proteolytic and saccharolytic, depending on environmental pressures.
“Some bacteria, including Prevotella intermedia, exist as both proteolytic and saccharolytic, depending on environmental pressures [84].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Porphyromonas increased their growth in the presence of glucose; at the same time, they significantly reduced the production of cytotoxic end products (succinate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia) and proteolytic activities (immunoglobulin, albumin, and casein degradation activities).
“It has been observed that Provetella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Porphyromonas increased their growth in the presence of glucose; at the same time, they significantly reduced the production of cytotoxic end products (succinate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia) and proteolytic activities (immunoglobulin, albumin, and casein degradation activities).”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
The activity of the main periodontopathic bacterium P. gingivalis is not affected in any way by the presence of glucose.
“In contrast, the activity of the main periodontopathic bacterium P gingivalis is not affected in any way by the presence of glucose [84].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
Some bacteria, such as Prevotella intermedia, exist as both proteolytic and saccharolytic, depending on environmental pressures.
“Some bacteria, such as Prevotella intermedia, exist as both proteolytic and saccharolytic, depending on environmental pressures.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [294]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Holt, S. C., & Ebersole, J. L. (2005) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x · Cited by 932 · see citing works
The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease
Sedghi, L., DiMassa, V., Harrington, A., Lynch, S. V., & Kapila, Y. L. (2021) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12393 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Oral Microbiome Metabolism: From “Who Are They?” to “What Are They Doing?”
Takahashi, N. (2015) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034515606045 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
“…acidic supragingival site, but it increases its protease activity and cytotoxic end product production when sugar is omitted from the culture medium (Saito et al. 2001), suggesting that its pathogenicity might increase after it colonizes subgingival sites (where the carbohydrate supply is limited).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMicrobiome in Colorectal Cancer: How to Get from Meta-omics to Mechanism?
Ternes, D., Karta, J., Tsenkova, M., Wilmes, P., Haan, S., & Letellier, E. (2020) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2020.01.001 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Ristic, M., Svabic, M. V., Sasic, M., & Zelic, O. (2007) · Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00396.x · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Integrated hypothesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases
Nyvad, B., & Takahashi, N. (2020) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2019.1710953 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
“due to bacterial accumulation and/or bacterial adaptation to a GCF-rich environment [34] can be cytotoxic and aggravate tissue inflammation by mod-”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe periodontal war: microbes and immunity
Ebersole, J. L., Dawson, D. R., Emecen‐Huja, P., Nagarajan, R., Howard, K., Grady, M. E., Thompson, K. L., Peyyala, R., Al‐Attar, A., Lethbridge, K., et al. (2017) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12222 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
“The outcome is variations in their effect on tissues as a result of these environmental changes (546), accompanied by multiple mechanisms and molecular redundancy, allowing P.”
BackgroundTakahashi, N. (2005) · International Congress Series · doi:10.1016/j.ics.2005.06.071 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationKönönen, E., Fteita, D., Gürsoy, U. K., & Gürsoy, M. (2022) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2022.2079814 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Santonocito, S., Giudice, A., Polizzi, A., Troiano, G., Merlo, E. M., Sclafani, R., Grosso, G., & Isola, G. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14122426 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Inflammation as a link between periodontal disease and obesity
Pamuk, F., & Kantarcı, A. (2022) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12457 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Major neutrophil functions subverted by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Olsen, I., & Hajishengallis, G. (2016) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.3402/jom.v8.30936 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Matsui, A., Jin, J., Johnston, C. D., Yamazaki, H., Houri‐Haddad, Y., & Rittling, S. R. (2014) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.02256-14 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“nucleatum can generate succinate during metabolic activity (38, 39), and succinate has the ability to suppress neutrophil phagocytosis (40).”
BackgroundPERIODONTOPHATOGENIC BACTERIA OF THE MAIN FACTORS OF EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTITIS
Tsarev, V. N., En, N., & Ippolitov, E. V. (2017) · Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology · doi:10.36233/0372-9311-2017-5-101-112 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zhen, M., Zhan, Y., Song, Y., Zhang, Q., & Wang, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00409 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“The high level of plasticity and diversity of the Prevotella genomes has been demonstrated in other studies (Saito et al., 2001; Purushe et al., 2010).”
ResultCastrillón, C. A., Hincapié, J., Delgado, F. L. Y., Roldan, N., Moreno, S., Contreras, A., & Botero, J. E. (2013) · Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry · doi:10.1111/jicd.12051 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Endodontic-Like Oral Biofilms as Models for Multispecies Interactions in Endodontic Diseases
Lukic, D., Karygianni, L., Flury, M., Attin, T., & Thurnheer, T. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8050674 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“nigrescens may induce a decrease in the pH of the biofilm [71].”
BackgroundProfiling of bacterial flora in crevices around titanium orthodontic anchor plates
Sato, R., Sato, T., Takahashi, I., et al. (2006) · Clinical Oral Implants Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01294.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Influence of Oral Bacteria on Epithelial Cell MigrationIn Vitro
Laheij, A. M. G. A., de Soet, J. J., Veerman, E. C. I., et al. (2013) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/154532 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“nigrescens proteases and cytotoxic end products like succinate, acetate, and ammonium [28] are present which might all inhibit cell migration.”
BackgroundMoye, Z. D., Gormley, C. M., & Davey, M. E. (2018) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02268-18 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“our experiments, we chose several carbohydrates commonly found decorating the surfaces of host-derived proteins, and these included mannose, L-fucose, and galactose as well as glucose, which was included primarily to confirm the results of Saito and colleagues (13).”
BackgroundResultSilva, T. A., Rodrigues, P. H. M., Ribeiro, R. N., et al. (2003) · Research in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(02)00003-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Integrated Analysis of Oral Microbiome and Metabolome in T2DM Patients With Varying Glycemic Status
Diao, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Jia, S., Lei, Y., Ma, B., Li, X., Zheng, S., & Yuan, C. (2024) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.15220 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bacteroides,Prevotella, andPorphyromonas
Shah, H. N., Gharbia, S. E., & Olsen, I. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0075 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Potempa, J., & Manandhar, S. P. (2012) · Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382219-2.00485-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Agrawal, S., Chachada, A. D., Jain, M., & Golchha, R. (2024) · IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research · doi:10.18231/j.ijodr.2024.008
Diverse roles of salivary microbiota in the onset and severity of periodontal disease
Mamillapalli, A., Kumar, S. P., Rashid, M. H., & Didugu, B. G. L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27622-4.00020-1
- Authors
- Saito, K., Takahashi, N., Horiuchi, H., & Yamada, T.
- Affiliations
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Saito, Kaoru
- Venue
- Journal of Periodontal Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 355-360
- ISSN
- 0022-3484 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0765
- OpenAlex
- W2160544471
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Periodontal Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Inamori Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Keywords
- glucose, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, bacterial virulence factors, periodontal disease pathogenesis, succinic acid, isobutyrate, isovalerate, ammonia, immunoglobulin degradation, casein degradation, albumin degradation, probing depth
- MeSH terms
- Ammonia, Bacterial Proteins, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Glucose, Hydrolysis, Endopeptidases, Virulence, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
