The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Melatonin: a hormone, a tissue factor, an autocoid, a paracoid, and an antioxidant vitamin
Abstract
Abstract: Melatonin, a derivative of an essential amino acid, tryptophan, was first identified in bovine pineal tissue and subsequently it has been portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Recently accumulated evidence has challenged this concept. Melatonin is present in the earliest life forms and is found in all organisms including bacteria, algae, fungi, plants, insects, and vertebrates including humans. Several characteristics of melatonin distinguish it from a classic hormone such as its direct, non‐receptor‐mediated free radical scavenging activity. As melatonin is also ingested in foodstuffs such as vegetables, fruits, rice, wheat and herbal medicines, from the nutritional point of view, melatonin can also be classified as a vitamin. It seems likely that melatonin initially evolved as an antioxidant, becoming a vitamin in the food chain, and in multicellular organisms, where it is produced, it has acquired autocoid, paracoid and hormonal properties.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Behan, W. M. H., McDonald, M., Darlington, L. G., & Stone, T. W. (1999) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702940 · Cited by 225
Cited by
Tan, D., Manchester, L. C., Terron, M. P., Flores, L. J., & Reiter, R. J. (2007) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00407.x · Cited by 1,601
Self-citationMelatonin: Nature’s most versatile biological signal?
Pandi‐Perumal, S. R., Srinivasan, V., Maestroni, G. J. M., Cardinali, D. P., Poeggeler, B., & Hardeland, R. (2006) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05322.x · Cited by 875
Self-citationMelatonin—A pleiotropic, orchestrating regulator molecule
Hardeland, R., Cardinali, D. P., Srinivasan, V., Spence, D. W., Brown, G. M., & Pandi-Perumal, S. R. (2011) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.12.004 · Cited by 843
Self-citationMelatonin Synthesis and Function: Evolutionary History in Animals and Plants
Zhao, D., Yu, Y., Shen, Y., Liu, Q., Zhao, Z., Sharma, R., & Reiter, R. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00249 · Cited by 689
Self-citationThe cutaneous serotoninergic/melatoninergic system: securing a place under the sun
Slominski, A., Wortsman, J., & Tobin, D. J. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-2079rev · Cited by 402
Metadata
- Authors
- Tan, D., Manchester, L. C., Hardeland, R., Lopez‐Burillo, S., Mayo, J. C., Sainz, R. M., & Reiter, R. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Pineal Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-12-17
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-78
- ISSN
- 0742-3098 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-079X
- OpenAlex
- W2135167537
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 7.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Melatonin: a hormone, a tissue factor, an autocoid, a paracoid, and an antioxidant vitamin. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2003.02111.x
- The paper
- Tan, D., Manchester, L. C., Hardeland, R., Lopez‐Burillo, S., Mayo, J. C., Sainz, R. M., & Reiter, R. J. (2003). Melatonin: a hormone, a tissue factor, an autocoid, a paracoid, and an antioxidant vitamin. Journal of Pineal Research. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2003.02111.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
