Intentional communication by chimpanzees: A cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures.
Abstract
This study describes the use of referential gestures with concomitant gaze orienting behavior to both distal food objects and communicative interactants by 115 chimpanzees, ranging from 3 to 56 years of age. Gaze alternation between a banana and an experimenter was significantly associated with vocal and gestural communication. Pointing was the most common gesture elicited; 47 subjects pointed with the whole hand, whereas 6 subjects pointed with index fingers. Thus, communicative pointing is commonly used by laboratory chimpanzees, without explicit training to point, language training, or home rearing. Juveniles exhibited striking decrements in their propensity to communicate with adult male experimenters compared with older chimpanzees. Significantly fewer mother-reared chimpanzees exhibited gaze alternation compared with nursery-reared chimpanzees.
Cited by (10)
- A New Look at Infant PointingTomasello, Michael, Carpenter, Malinda, Liszkowski, Ulf · 2007 · Child Development
- The evolution of self-control.MacLean, Evan L., Hare, Brian, Nunn, Charles L., Addessi, Elsa, Amici, Federica, Anderson, Rindy C., Aureli, Filippo, Baker, Joseph M., Bania, Amanda E., Barnard, Allison M. et al. · 2014 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Cooperative Breeding and Human Cognitive EvolutionBurkart, J. M., Hrdy, S. B., Van Schaik, C. P. · 2009 · Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
- The origin of mind: Evolution of brain, cognition, and general intelligence.Geary, David C. · 2005
- Cooperation and human cognition: the Vygotskian intelligence hypothesis.Moll, Henrike, Tomasello, Michael · 2007 · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Intentional communication by chimpanzees: A cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.813
- The paper
- Leavens, D. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (1998). Intentional communication by chimpanzees: A cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures. Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.813
Data sources
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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.