Interaction of temperamental resistance to control and restrictive parenting in the development of externalizing behavior.
Open accessAbstract
Child temperament and parental control were studied as interacting predictors of behavior outcomes in 2 longitudinal samples. In Sample 1, data were ratings of resistant temperament and observed restrictive control in infancy-toddlerhood and ratings of externalizing behavior at ages 7 to 10 years; in Sample 2, data were retrospective ratings of temperament in infancy-toddlerhood, observed restrictive control at age 5 years, and ratings of externalizing behavior at ages 7 to 11 years. Resistance more strongly related to externalizing in low-restriction groups than in high-restriction groups. This was true in both samples and for both teacher- and mother-rated outcomes. Several Temperament x Environment interaction effects have been reported previously, but this is one of very few replicated effects.
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Modest correlations (0.10-0.37) are reported between infantile temperamental characteristics such as being fussy, angry, or difficult to control, and ADHD arising later in childhood.
“Modest correlations (0.10-0.37) are reported between infantile temperamental characteristics such as being fussy, angry, or difficult to control, and ADHD arising later in childhood (58-62) (Figure 2 and Supplemental Table 2).”
From Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [60]
The Results (Table 3; page unavailable) report modest correlations of .14–.32 between early resistance to control and middle-childhood externalizing problems. The Method identifies resistance to control as early unmanageability, but the measured outcome is externalizing behavior, not ADHD specifically; the paper also does not report the claimed .10–.37 range for this association. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Cites
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Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Self-citationNature and nurturing: parenting in the context of child temperament
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- Authors
- Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Ridge, B.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- ORCID
- Dodge, Kenneth A.
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 982-995
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- PMC
- PMC2791965
- OpenAlex
- W2133660439
- Cited by
- 525
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 15.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH28018, R01MH056961, R01MH042498)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD030572)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- restrictive parenting, externalizing problems, child temperament, parental control, teacher ratings, mother ratings, child development
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Personality Assessment, Personality Development, Socialization, Temperament, Parenting
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