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The timing of child physical maltreatment: A cross-domain growth analysis of impact on adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems

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KEILEY, MARGARET K., HOWE, TASHA R., DODGE, KENNETH A., BATES, JOHN E., PETTIT, GREGORY S.·2001·Development and Psychopathology
DOI 10.1017/s0954579401004084PMC PMC2769082
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Abstract

In a sample of 578 children assessed in kindergarten through the eighth grade, we used growth modeling to determine the basic developmental trajectories of mother-reported and teacher-reported externalizing and internalizing behaviors for three physical maltreatment groups of children—early-harmed (prior to age 5 years), later-harmed (age 5 years and over), and nonharmed—controlling for SES and gender. Results demonstrated that the earlier children experienced harsh physical treatment by significant adults, the more likely they were to experience adjustment problems in early adolescence. Over multiple domains, early physical maltreatment was related to more negative sequelae than the same type of maltreatment occurring at later periods. In addition, the fitted growth models revealed that the early-harmed group exhibited somewhat higher initial levels of teacher-reported externalizing problems in kindergarten and significantly different rates of change in these problem behaviors than other children. as reported by mothers over the 9 years of this study. The early-harmed children were also seen by teachers, in kindergarten, as exhibiting higher levels of internalizing behaviors. The later-harmed children were seen by their teachers as increasing their externalizing problem behaviors more rapidly over the 9 years than did the early- or nonharmed children. These findings indicate that the timing of maltreatment is a salient factor in examining the developmental effects of physical harm.

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Authors
KEILEY, M. K., HOWE, T. R., DODGE, K. A., BATES, J. E., & PETTIT, G. S.
Affiliations
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • Transylvania University (US)
  • Duke University (US)
  • Indiana University (US)
  • Auburn University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Development and Psychopathology
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2001-12
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
891-912
ISSN
  • 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-2198
DOI
10.1017/s0954579401004084
PMC
PMC2769082
OpenAlex
W2111123059
Cited by
323
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 13
FWCI
5.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 44 d)
Locations
  • Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH 18921, T32MH018921, R01MH056961)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
Keywords
early childhood abuse, adolescent externalizing problems, adolescent internalizing problems, developmental trajectories, teacher-reported behavior
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Personality Assessment, Personality Development, Risk Factors

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