Structure of anxiety and the anxiety disorders: A hierarchical model.

Abstract

The authors used a semistructured clinical interview and a self-report battery of questionnaires to measure key features of the anxiety disorders in a large sample of patients seeking treatment at an outpatient anxiety disorders clinic and in a no mental disorder group. Results were consistent with hierarchical models of anxiety and the anxiety disorders such as the model implicit in American Psychiatric Association (1987, 1994) and trait models positing a trait diathesis common to all the anxiety disorders. A higher order general factor differentiated each of the patient groups from the no mental disorder group. Several lower order factors provided the basis for differentiation among the patient groups. Conclusions regarding the degree to which models predicting a hierarchical structure of anxiety and the anxiety disorders are empirically supported must await replication of these results with additional samples.

Cites (9)

1. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
   P. M. Bentler, Douglas G. Bonett · 1980 · Psychological Bulletin
2. Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
   Meyer, T.J., Miller, M.L., Metzger, R.L., Borkovec, Thomas D. · 1990 · Behaviour Research and Therapy
3. Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications
   Clark, Lee Anna, Watson, David · 1991 · Journal of Abnormal Psychology
4. Précis of The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system
   Gray, Jeffrey A. · 1982 · Behavioral and Brain Sciences
5. Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders.
   Clark, Lee Anna, Watson, David, Mineka, Susan · 1994 · Journal of Abnormal Psychology
6. A reanalysis of agoraphobia
   Goldstein, Alan J., Chambless, Dianne L. · 1978 · Behavior Therapy
7. Reliability of DSM-III-R Anxiety Disorder Categories: Using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule—Revised (ADIS-R)
   Di Nardo, Peter A. · 1993 · Archives of General Psychiatry
8. Disorders of Emotion
   Barlow, David Harrison · 1991 · Psychological Inquiry
9. Response to hyperventilation and inhalation of 5.5% carbon dioxide-enriched air across the DSM-III--R anxiety disorders.
   Rapee, Ronald M., Brown, Timothy A., Antony, Martin M., Barlow, David H. · 1992 · Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Show all 9 references

Cited by (73)

1. Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS®): Depression, anxiety, and anger
   Pilkonis, Paul A., Choi, Seung W., Reise, Steven P., Stover, Angela M., Riley, William T., Cella, David, PROMIS Cooperative Group · 2011 · Assessment
2. Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: an integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective
   Grupe, Dan W., Nitschke, Jack B. · 2013 · Nature Reviews Neuroscience
3. Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Developmental Issues and Implications for DSM-V
   Beesdo, Katja, Knappe, Susanne, Pine, Daniel S. · 2009 · Psychiatric Clinics of North America
4. Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders
   Mineka, Susan, Watson, David, Clark, Lee Anna · 1998 · Annual Review of Psychology
5. Refining the construct of psychopathy: Towards a hierarchical model.
   Cooke, David J., Michie, Christine · 2001 · Psychological Assessment

See all 400