Motivational influences on cognition: Task involvement, ego involvement, and depth of information processing.

Abstract

In Experiment 1, 5th- and 6th-grade children were randomly assigned to either a task-focused motivational condition, an ego-focused condition, or a control group. They received a list of 60 words manipulated to be encoded at either shallow or deep levels of processing. An unexpected recall test then followed. Experiment 2 used the same general procedure except that the motivational manipulation was timed to occur at either encoding or retrieval. In both experiments ego involvement resulted in poorer word recall at deep rather than at shallow processing levels. Experiment 2 also indicated that the motivational deficits resulting from ego involvement are more pervasive at the information-retrieval stage. The usefulness of these findings for promoting greater conceptual clarity among motivation constructs is discussed.

Cites (6)

1. A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
   Dweck, Carol S., Leggett, Ellen L. · 1988 · Psychological Review
2. Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
   Craik, Fergus I.M., Lockhart, Robert S. · 1972 · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
3. Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance.
   Nicholls, John G. · 1984 · Psychological Review
4. Test anxiety and direction of attention
   Wine, Jeri · 1971 · Psychological Bulletin
5. The hidden costs of rewards
   Deci, Edward L. · 1976 · Organizational Dynamics
6. Repetition and depth of processing
   Nelson, Thomas O. · 1977 · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior

Show all 6 references

Cited by (37)

1. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.
   Ryan, Richard M., Deci, Edward L. · 2000 · American Psychologist
2. Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation.
   Ames, Carole · 1992 · Journal of Educational Psychology
3. The Role of Goal Orientation in Self-Regulated Learning
   Pintrich, Paul R. · 2000 · Handbook of Self-Regulation
4. Feedback and Self-Regulated Learning: A Theoretical Synthesis
   Butler, Deborah L., Winne, Philip H. · 1995 · Review of Educational Research
5. An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning
   Johnson, David W., Johnson, Roger T. · 2009 · Educational Researcher

See all 392