The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hardiness and health: A prospective study.
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Kobasa et al. [11] reported that psychological hardiness is observed among people who receive encouragement from people around them and people who have actually turned crisis into opportunity, based on which they asserted that support from others or family could contribute to fostering psychological hardiness in individuals under stress.”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Researchers have shown that psychological hardiness contributes substantially to helping one's child(ren) lead happier, healthier lives, as it enables parents to control themselves, focus, and constantly push forward based on faith and conviction in their lives, even in stressful situations such as psychological pain or difficulty arising in an external environment.”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
The social readjustment rating scale
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4 · Cited by 11,067
Psychological stress and the coping process
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,164
Social support as a moderator of life stress
Cobb, S. (1976) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003 · Cited by 6,936
Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1975) · Cited by 5,690
Selye, H. (1956) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,224
Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness.
Kobasa, S. C. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.37.1.1 · Cited by 3,816
Self-citationHealth, stress and coping: (530902004-001)
(1990) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e530902004-001 · Cited by 3,691
Personality: A Psychological Interpretation
Jenkins, J. G., & Allport, G. W. (1938) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1415717 · Cited by 3,214
Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality
Mischel, W. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0035002 · Cited by 3,181
Cited by
Bonanno, G. A. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20 · Cited by 6,851
Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219 · Cited by 6,690
“Hardiness as a construct is also interesting to us because other research on hardiness (Kobasa, 1979; Kobasa et al., 1982) has shown it to have consequences for health outcomes that are similar to that demonstrated here for optimism.”
BackgroundResultDynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel‐Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.50.5.992 · Cited by 4,836
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150 · Cited by 4,845
Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52 · Cited by 3,322
Metadata
- Authors
- Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Kahn, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1982
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 168-177
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2140504512
- Cited by
- 1,892
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 36.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- hardiness, health, personality traits, prospective study, health outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Prospective Studies, Psychophysiologic Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Hardiness and health: A prospective study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.168
- The paper
- Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Kahn, S. (1982). Hardiness and health: A prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.168
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
