The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hardiness and health: A prospective study.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Kobasa et al. [11] reported that psychological hardiness is observed among people who receive encouragement from people around them and people who have actually turned crisis into opportunity, based on which they asserted that support from others or family could contribute to fostering psychological hardiness in individuals under stress.”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Researchers have shown that psychological hardiness contributes substantially to helping one's child(ren) lead happier, healthier lives, as it enables parents to control themselves, focus, and constantly push forward based on faith and conviction in their lives, even in stressful situations such as psychological pain or difficulty arising in an external environment.”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
The social readjustment rating scale
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4 · Cited by 11,560
Psychological stress and the coping process
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,164
Social support as a moderator of life stress
Cobb, S. (1976) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003 · Cited by 6,936
Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1975) · Cited by 5,690
Selye, H. (1956) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,224
Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness.
Kobasa, S. C. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.37.1.1 · Cited by 3,816
Self-citation(1990) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e530902004-001 · Cited by 3,690
Personality: A Psychological Interpretation
Jenkins, J. G., & Allport, G. W. (1938) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1415717 · Cited by 3,215
Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality
Mischel, W. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0035002 · Cited by 3,181
Progress of Veterinary Science.
Jackson, D. N. (1882) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1,971
The Social Psychology of Organizations, (2nd Ed)
Wright, P. (1979) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(79)90066-8 · Cited by 1,849
Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research
Lefcourt, H. M. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,750
Personality: A Psychological Interpretation
Allport, G. W. (1962) · Cited by 1,578
Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress.
Averill, J. R. (1973) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0034845 · Cited by 1,570
Stressful Life Events: Their Nature and Effects.
Harper, D., Dohrenwend, B. S., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1976) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2062639 · Cited by 1,398
Live Events, Stress, and Illness
Rabkin, J. G., & Struening, E. L. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.790570 · Cited by 1,321
Exemplification of a Method for Scaling Life Events: The PERI Life Events Scale
Dohrenwend, B. S., Askenasy, A. R., Krasnoff, L., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1978) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136536 · Cited by 1,211
Locus of control in personality
Phares, E. J. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,120
A critique of cross-lagged correlation.
Rogosa, D. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.245 · Cited by 658
Effects of coping behavior in different warning signal conditions on stress pathology in rats.
Weiss, J. M. (1971) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031583 · Cited by 390
Life stress, depression and anxiety: Internal- external control as a moderator variable
Johnson, J. H., & Sarason, I. G. (1978) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(78)90025-9 · Cited by 368
Psychic cost of adaptation to an environmental stressor.
Glass, D. C., Singer, J. E., & Friedman, L. N. (1969) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027629 · Cited by 264
Seriousness of illness rating scale
Wyler, A. R., Masuda, M., & Holmes, T. H. (1968) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(68)90033-0 · Cited by 256
Maddi, S. R., Kobasa, S. C. O., & Hoover, M. (1979) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/002216787901900407 · Cited by 179
Self-citationAnother Look at Immunologic Surveillance
Schwartz, R. S. (1975) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197507242930406 · Cited by 141
Life change, the sensation seeking motive, and psychological distress.
Smith, R. E., Johnson, J. H., & Sarason, I. G. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.46.2.348 · Cited by 101
Illness, Immunity, and Social Interaction.
Bruhn, J. G., & Moss, G. E. (1974) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2576061 · Cited by 98
McCaul, K. D., Solomon, S., & Holmes, D. S. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.37.4.564 · Cited by 86
McCaul, K. D., Solomon, S., & Holmes, D. S. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.4.564 · Cited by 86
Oettgen, H. F. (1977) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197709012970907 · Cited by 38
Three expressions of the need for variety1
Maddi, S. R., Propst, B. S., & Feldinger, I. (1965) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1965.tb01373.x · Cited by 35
Self-citationAlienation and exploratory behavior.
Maddi, S. R., Hoover, M., & Kobasa, S. C. O. (1982) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.42.5.884 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bonanno, G. A. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20 · Cited by 6,851
Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219 · Cited by 6,690
“Hardiness as a construct is also interesting to us because other research on hardiness (Kobasa, 1979; Kobasa et al., 1982) has shown it to have consequences for health outcomes that are similar to that demonstrated here for optimism.”
BackgroundResultDynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel‐Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.50.5.992 · Cited by 5,183
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150 · Cited by 4,845
Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52 · Cited by 3,322
Metadata
- Authors
- Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Kahn, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1982
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 168-177
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2140504512
- Cited by
- 1,892
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 36.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- hardiness, health, personality traits, prospective study, health outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Prospective Studies, Psychophysiologic Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review