The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Developmental change in speed of processing during childhood and adolescence
Abstract
Children's reaction times were slower than adults' across tasks, with the proportional difference decreasing with age.
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“Given their slower information processing (31), it would be adaptive for children to prioritize speed in general if this strategy enables them to act quickly enough to keep up with real-world events.”
From Fusion of visual cues is not mandatory in children (2010) · cites this paper as [31]
Citations
Cites
Anderson, J. R. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9781315799438 · Cited by 6,761
Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
(2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2012-0-07221-3 · Cited by 3,394
Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition
(2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203728178 · Cited by 2,912
Life-Span Development and Behavior
Baltes, P. B., Featherman, D. L., Lerner, R. M., Brim, O. G., & Perlmutter, M. C. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,805
Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice
Newell, A., & Rosenbloom, P. S. (2018) · Figshare · doi:10.1184/r1/6607196 · Cited by 1,489
Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice
Newell, A., & Rosenbloom, P. S. (2018) · Figshare · doi:10.1184/r1/6607199.v1 · Cited by 1,365
Intellectual development : birth to adulthood
Case, R. (1985) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 1,345
Skill acquisition: Compilation of weak-method problem situations.
Anderson, J. R. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.94.2.192 · Cited by 1,023
Information processing rates in the elderly.
Cerella, J. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.98.1.67 · Cited by 761
The perils of averaging data over strategies: An example from children's addition.
Siegler, R. S. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.116.3.250 · Cited by 671
Cited by
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
Salthouse, T. A. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403 · Cited by 5,902
A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking
Steinberg, L. (2008) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.002 · Cited by 3,644
“Although some improvements in these cognitive capacities continue until age 20 or so (Kail, 1991, 1997), changes after mid-adolescence are very modest in magnitude and tend to be seen mainly in studies employing relatively demanding cognitive tasks on which performance is facilitated by greater…”
BackgroundDavidson, M. C., Amso, D., Anderson, L. C., & Diamond, A. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.006 · Cited by 2,226
Gerstadt, C. L., Hong, Y. J., & Diamond, A. (1994) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90068-x · Cited by 1,598
Maturation of Cognitive Processes From Late Childhood to Adulthood
Luna, B., Garver, K. E., Urban, T. A., Lazar, N. A., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00745.x · Cited by 1,351
“These results support the hypothesis that developmental differences in information processing are based on increasing quantity of processing resources with age across a wide range of cognitive domains ( Kail, 1991b ).”
ResultInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Kail, R.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kail, Robert
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 490-501
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2018282120
- Semantic Scholar
- c14bc54d15926e029eb33c060f6909963c397594
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 15.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (19447)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- processing speed, age differences, childhood, adolescence, reaction time (psychology), developmental changes, exponential growth, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Child, Child Development, Humans, Reaction Time
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Developmental change in speed of processing during childhood and adolescence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0033-2909.109.3.490
- The paper
- Kail, R. (1991). Developmental change in speed of processing during childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.109.3.490
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
