Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis.

Abstract

This article reviews research on the evaluation of women and men who occupy leadership roles. In these experiments, the characteristics of leaders other than their sex were field constant, and the sex of the leader was varied. These experiments thus investigated whether people are biased against female leaders and managers. Although this research showed only a small overall tendency for subjects to evaluate female leaders less favorably than male leaders, this tendency was more pronounced under certain circumstances

Cites (4)

1. From acts to dispositions the attribution process in person perception
   Jones, Edward E., Davis, Keith E. · 1965 · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
2. Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women
   Kanter, Rosabeth Moss · 1977 · American Journal of Sociology
3. What is beautiful is good, but . . .: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype.
   Eagly, Alice H., Ashmore, Richard D., Makhijani, Mona G., Longo, Laura C. · 1991 · Psychological Bulletin
4. Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping.
   Taylor, Shelley E., Fiske, Susan T., Etcoff, Nancy L., Ruderman, Audrey J. · 1978 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Show all 4 references

Cited by (56)

1. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.
   Eagly, Alice H., Karau, Steven J. · 2002 · Psychological Review
2. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
   Greenwald, Anthony G., Banaji, Mahzarin R. · 1995 · Psychological Review
3. Gender Differences in Preferences
   Croson, Rachel, Gneezy, Uri · 2009 · Journal of Economic Literature
4. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism.
   Glick, Peter, Fiske, Susan T. · 1996 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
5. Power, approach, and inhibition.
   Keltner, Dacher, Gruenfeld, Deborah H., Anderson, Cameron · 2003 · Psychological Review

See all 1,662