Cited by 1,093Religion, Spirituality, and PsychologyReligion and Society InteractionsWorkplace Spirituality and Leadership

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Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health.

Powell, Lynda H., Shahabi, Leila, Thoresen, Carl E.·2003·American Psychologist

DOI 10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.36

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Abstract

Evidence is presented that bears on 9 hypotheses about the link between religion or spirituality and mortality, morbidity, disability, or recovery from illness. In healthy participants, there is a strong, consistent, prospective, and often graded reduction in risk of mortality in church/service attenders. This reduction is approximately 25% after adjustment for confounders. Religion or spirituality protects against cardiovascular disease, largely mediated by the healthy lifestyle it encourages. Evidence fails to support a link between depth of religiousness and physical health. In patients, there are consistent failures to support the hypotheses that religion or spirituality slows the progression of cancer or improves recovery from acute illness but some evidence that religion or spirituality impedes recovery from acute illness. The authors conclude that church/service attendance protects healthy people against death. More methodologically sound studies are needed.

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Authors: Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E.
Affiliations: Rush University Medical Center (US)
University of Miami (US)
Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Powell, Lynda H.
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2003-01
Volume: 58
Issue: 1
Pages: 36-52
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.36
OpenAlex: W2081669352
Cited by: 1,093
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 90
FWCI: 5.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Keywords: religion, spirituality, physical health, mortality, church attendance, cardiovascular disease, healthy lifestyle, religiosity, tumor progression, morbidity, disability
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Death, Health Status, Humans, Morbidity, Mortality, Neoplasms, Religion and Medicine, Risk Factors, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Disease Progression, Spirituality

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Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health.

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