Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,084

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Phonemes, Rimes, Vocabulary, and Grammatical Skills as Foundations of Early Reading Development: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study.

Muter, Valerie, Hulme, Charles, Snowling, Margaret J., Stevenson, Jim·2004·Developmental Psychology

Abstract

The authors present the results of a 2-year longitudinal study of 90 British children beginning at school entry when they were 4 years 9 months old (range = 4 years 2 months to 5 years 2 months). The relationships among early phonological skills, letter knowledge, grammatical skills, and vocabulary knowledge were investigated as predictors of word recognition and reading comprehension. Word recognition skills were consistently predicted by earlier measures of letter knowledge and phoneme sensitivity (but not by vocabulary knowledge, rhyme skills, or grammatical skills). In contrast, reading comprehension was predicted by prior word recognition skills, vocabulary knowledge, and grammatical skills. The results are related to current theories about the role of phonological, grammatical, and vocabulary skills in the development of early reading skills.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.665

Cites

76 of 76 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 76 references

Research works printed but not linked: 27

  1. 10.1037/0022-0663.87.3.476 · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.87.3.476 · Paper page
  2. 10.1006/jecp.1998.2455 · DOI
  3. 10.1006/jecp.2002.2672 · doi:10.1006/jecp.2002.2672
  4. 10.1037/0012-1649.26.3.429 · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.3.429 · Paper page
  5. 10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.313 · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.313 · Paper page
  6. Charles-Luce, 1995, An examination of similarity neighbourhoods in young children's receptive vocabularies., Journal of Child Language, 22, 727, 10.1017/S0305000900010023 · doi:10.1017/s0305000900010023
  7. 10.1037/0022-0663.91.3.450 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Dunn, 1997, British Picture Vocabulary Scale II.
  9. Elliot, 1996, British Ability Scales II.
  10. Flynn, 1998, Kindergarten screening for risk of reading failure., Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 16, 15, 10.1177/073428299801600102 · doi:10.1177/073428299801600102
  11. Frith, 1985, Beneath the surface of dyslexia., 301
  12. Gombert, 1992, Metalinguistic development.
  13. 10.2307/1131364 · DOI
  14. 10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.946 · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.946
  15. 10.1006/jecp.1998.2456 · DOI
  16. Hulme, 1995, Building phonological knowledge into a connectionist model of the development of word naming., Language and Cognitive Processes, 10, 387, 10.1080/01690969508407105 · doi:10.1080/01690969508407105
  17. 10.1037/0022-0663.78.4.243 · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.78.4.243 · Paper page
  18. Majsterek, 1995, Phonological awareness and beginning reading: Evaluation of a school-based screening procedure., Journal of Learning Disabilities, 28, 449, 10.1177/002221949502800708 · doi:10.1177/002221949502800708
  19. Muter, 1997, Phonological Abilities Test.
  20. 10.2307/1132359 · DOI
  21. Neale, 1997, Neale Analysis of Reading Ability II.
  22. Perfetti, 1985, Reading ability.
  23. Perfetti, 1987, Phonemic knowledge and learning to read are reciprocal: A longitudinal study of first grade children., Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33, 283
  24. Savin, 1972, What the child knows about speech when he starts to learn to read., 319
  25. 10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.579 · DOI · Paper page
  26. 10.1007/BF01067613 · doi:10.1007/bf01067613
  27. 10.1037/0022-0663.92.4.668 · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.92.4.668 · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,084

Metadata

Authors
Muter, V., Hulme, C., Snowling, M. J., & Stevenson, J.
Venue
Developmental Psychology
Published
2004
Volume
40
Issue
5
Pages
665-681
ISSN
  • 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0599
OpenAlex
W2114088086
Cited by
1,084
References
76
FWCI
27.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Phonemes, Rimes, Vocabulary, and Grammatical Skills as Foundations of Early Reading Development: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.665
The paper
Muter, V., Hulme, C., Snowling, M. J., & Stevenson, J. (2004). Phonemes, Rimes, Vocabulary, and Grammatical Skills as Foundations of Early Reading Development: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study. Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.665

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.