Cited by 234Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and AssessmentsMental Health via Writing

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguity: A text comprehension study.

MacLeod, Colin, Cohen, Ilan Lawrence·1993·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-843x.102.2.238

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Beck's influential cognitive account of anxiety has led to the prediction that individuals vulnerable to anxiety should favor threatening interpretations of ambiguity (e.g., Beck & Clark, 1988; Beck, Emery, & Greenberg, 1986). The current study introduces a novel adaptation of the RSVP technique, previously used in text comprehension research, to evaluate this hypothesis. Results suggest that a group of 24 high trait anxious students did indeed selectively impose threatening interpretations on unconstrained ambiguous sentences. In contrast, a matched group of 24 low trait anxious students appeared to selectively impose non-threatening interpretations on such ambiguous sentences. These findings are fully consistent with the predicted anxiety-linked interpretative bias. Specific testable hypotheses are developed concerning the types of interpretative idiosyncrasies that plausibly may contribute to pathological anxiety.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0021-843x.102.2.238

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning
Blanchette, I., & Richards, A. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903132496 · Cited by 742
Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety.
Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.602 · Cited by 739
Effective communication skills are the key to good cancer care
Fallowfield, L. J., & Jenkins, V. A. (1999) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(99)00212-9 · Cited by 558
Cognitive-processing bias in chronic pain: a review and integration.
Pincus, T., & Morley, S. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.5.599 · Cited by 501
A biopsychosocial formulation of pain communication.
Hadjistavropoulos, T., Craig, K. D., Duck, S., Cano, A., Goubert, L., Jackson, P. L., Mogil, J. S., Rainville, P., Sullivan, M. J. L., Williams, A. C. D. C., et al. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023876 · Cited by 466
Personality traits and risky decision-making in a controlled experimental task: an exploratory study
Lauriola, M., & Levin, I. P. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00130-6 · Cited by 440
Cognitive Bias Modification: Past Perspectives, Current Findings, and Future Applications
Hertel, P. T., & Mathews, A. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691611421205 · Cited by 321
Interpretation bias in social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chen, J., Short, M. A., & Kemps, E. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.121 · Cited by 233
Behavioral Expressions of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Worry
Ladouceur, R., Talbot, F., & Dugas, M. J. (1997) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455970213006 · Cited by 219
Interpretive biases for ambiguous stimuli in social anxiety
Constans, J. I., Penn, D. L., Ihen, G. H., & Hope, D. A. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00180-6 · Cited by 181
Perception of Face and Body Expressions Using Electromyography, Pupillometry and Gaze Measures
Kret, M. E., Stekelenburg, J. J., Karin Roelofs, A., & de Gelder, B. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00028 · Cited by 174
Interpretation of ambiguous information in clinical depression
Mogg, K., Bradbury, K. E., & Bradley, B. P. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.008 · Cited by 174
Interpretation of Ambiguous Information in Girls at Risk for Depression
Dearing, K. F., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9259-z · Cited by 171
Perceived Ambiguity About Cancer Prevention Recommendations: Relationship to Perceptions of Cancer Preventability, Risk, and Worry
Han, P. K. J., Moser, R. P., & Klein, W. M. P. (2006) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730600637541 · Cited by 168
The development of information processing biases in childhood anxiety: A review and exploration of its origins in parenting
Hadwin, J. A., Garner, M. J., & Perez‐Olivas, G. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.09.004 · Cited by 168
Interpretative inferences when reading about emotional events
Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)80006-x · Cited by 167
Avoidance and its bi-directional relationship with conditioned fear: Mechanisms, moderators, and clinical implications
Pittig, A., Wong, A. H. K., Glück, V. M., & Boschet, J. M. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103550 · Cited by 148
Threat is in the eye of the beholder: Social anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguous facial expressions
Yoon, K. L., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.004 · Cited by 146
Expectancy biases in fear and anxiety and their link to biases in attention
Aue, T., & Okon‐Singer, H. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.005 · Cited by 158
Rodent tests of depression and anxiety: Construct validity and translational relevance
Gencturk, S., & Ünal, G. (2024) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-024-01171-2 · Cited by 160
Effects of positive interpretive bias modification in highly anxious individuals
Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.02.006 · Cited by 143
The Neural Basis of Optimism and Pessimism
Hecht, D. (2013) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en.2013.22.3.173 · Cited by 160
Psychological responses to outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome: a prospective, multiple time-point study
Cheng, C., & Cheung, M. W. L. (2005) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00310.x · Cited by 130
Effects of Training on Interpretation of Emotional Ambiguity
Grey, S. J., & Mathews, A. (2000) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755937 · Cited by 142
Selective processing of visual alcohol cues in abstinent alcoholics: an approach-avoidance conflict?
Stormark, K., Field, N. P., Hugdahl, K., & Horowitz, M. J. (1997) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(96)00051-2 · Cited by 145
Personality traits of the behavioural approach and inhibition systems: associations with processing of emotional stimuli
Gomez, A., & Gomez, R. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00119-2 · Cited by 126
Cognitive bias modification training in adolescents: effects on interpretation biases and mood
Menne‐Lothmann, C., Holmes, E. A., Chan, S. W. Y., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02286.x · Cited by 125
Affective primes suppress attention bias to threat in socially anxious individuals
Helfinstein, S. M., White, L. K., Bar‐Haim, Y., & Fox, N. A. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.03.011 · Cited by 127
A Systematic Review of Experimental Paradigms for Exploring Biased Interpretation of Ambiguous Information with Emotional and Neutral Associations
Schoth, D. E., & Liossi, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00171 · Cited by 108
Am I Blue? Depressed Mood and the Consequences of Self-Focus for the Interpretation and Recall of Ambiguous Words
Hertel, P. T., & El-Messidi, L. (2006) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.01.003 · Cited by 108
The effects of trait and state anxiety on attention to emotional images: An eye-tracking study
Quigley, L., Nelson, A. L., Carriere, J. S. A., Smilek, D., & Purdon, C. L. (2012) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.662892 · Cited by 95
Selective interpretation in anxiety: Uncertainty for threatening events
Calvo, M. G., & Castillo, M. D. (2001) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930126040 · Cited by 99
Conceptual similarity promotes generalization of higher order fear learningPreprint
Dunsmoor, J. E., White, A. J., & LaBar, K. S. (2011) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.2016411 · Cited by 99
Trained interpretive bias and anxiety
Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.011 · Cited by 90
Intolerance of Uncertainty Is Associated With Increased Threat Appraisal and Negative Affect Under Ambiguity but Not Uncertainty
Chen, J. T.-H., & Lovibond, P. F. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.09.004 · Cited by 86
Anxiety and cognitive inhibition.
Wood, J., Mathews, A., & Dalgleish, T. (2001) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.2.166 · Cited by 94
The time-course of attentional bias in anxious children and adolescents
Gamble, A. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.04.001 · Cited by 79
Perceived Ambiguity about Screening Mammography Recommendations: Association with Future Mammography Uptake and Perceptions
Han, P. K. J., Kobrin, S. C., Klein, W. M. P., Davis, W. W., Stefanek, M. E., & Taplin, S. H. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0533 · Cited by 82
Preexisting Neuroticism, Subjective Stressor Severity, and Posttraumatic Stress in Soldiers Deployed to Iraq
Engelhard, I. M., & van den Hout, M. (2007) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370705200808 · Cited by 81
Coping With Threat and Memory for Ambiguous Information: Testing the Repressive Discontinuity Hypothesis.
Höck, M., & Krohne, H. W. (2004) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.4.1.65 · Cited by 79
The Spread of Fear: Symbolic Generalization Mediates Graded Threat-Avoidance in Specific Phobia
Dymond, S., Schlund, M. W., Roche, B. T., & Whelan, R. (2013) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.800124 · Cited by 79
Early vigilance and late avoidance of threat processing: Repressive coping versus low/high anxiety
Calvo, M. G., & Eysenck, M. W. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930050156627 · Cited by 75
Excessive generalisation of conditioned fear in trait anxious individuals under ambiguity
Wong, A. H. K., & Lovibond, P. F. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.012 · Cited by 73
The Relationship–specific Interpretation Bias Mediates the Link between Neuroticism and Satisfaction in Couples
Finn, C. T., Mitte, K., & Neyer, F. J. (2013) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1862 · Cited by 73
Interpretation biases in angry and anxious individuals
Wenzel, A. E., & Lystad, C. M. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.009 · Cited by 70
The Role of Fear in Delusions of the Paranormal
Lange, R., & Houran, J. (1999) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199903000-00005 · Cited by 65
Physiological Arousal and Political Beliefs
Renshon, J., Lee, J., & Tingley, D. H. (2014) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12173 · Cited by 70
Interpretive style and intolerance of uncertainty in individuals with anxiety disorders: A focus on generalized anxiety disorder
Anderson, K. G., Dugas, M. J., Koerner, N., Radomsky, A. S., Savard, P., & Turcotte, J. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.08.003 · Cited by 61
Cognitive Theories of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Aikins, D. E., & Craske, M. G. (2001) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70206-9 · Cited by 62
Biased interpretation in perfectionism and its modification
Yiend, J., Savulich, G., Coughtrey, A., & Shafran, R. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.10.004 · Cited by 59
Mood congruent Bias in Interpretation of Ambiguity Strategic Processes and Temporary Activation
Manuel, G. C., & Castillo, M. D. (1997) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755684 · Cited by 57
Exploratory study on the role of emotion regulation in perceived valence, humour, and beneficial use of depressive internet memes in depression
Akram, U., Drabble, J., Cau, G., Hershaw, F., Rajenthran, A., Lowe, M., Trommelen, C., & Ellis, J. G. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57953-4 · Cited by 59
Anxiety sensitivity and cognitive biases for threat
McNally, R. J., Hornig, C. D., Hoffman, E. C., & Han, E. M. (1999) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(99)80045-8 · Cited by 59
RST and clinical disorders: anxiety and depression
Zinbarg, R. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819384.013 · Cited by 55
Interpretive cues and ambiguity in generalized anxiety disorder
Hazlett‐Stevens, H., & Borkovec, T. D. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00204-3 · Cited by 53
Intrapersonal Contributors to Drug Use
Newcomb, M. D., & Earleywine, M. (1996) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764296039007005 · Cited by 48
Trait Anxiety Is Associated with Negative Interpretations When Resolving Valence Ambiguity of Surprised Faces
Park, G., Vasey, M. W., Kim, G., Hu, D. D., & Thayer, J. F. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01164 · Cited by 54
Are we “fear-avoidant”?
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & LINTON, S. J. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.06.031 · Cited by 51
Cognitive biases in anxiety disorders and their effect on cognitive-behavioral treatment
Craske, M. G., & Pontillo, D. C. (2001) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.65.1.58.18708 · Cited by 55
State and Trait Anger, Fear, and Social Information Processing
Schultz, D., Grodack, A., & Izard, C. E. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89676-2_18 · Cited by 54
Autobiographical memories of anxiety-related experiences
Wenzel, A. E., Pinna, K. L. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00142-6 · Cited by 48
A comparison of selective attention and facial processing biases in typically developing children who are high and low in self-reported trait anxiety
Richards, A., French, C. C., Nash, G., Hadwin, J. A., & Donnelly, N. (2007) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940707023x · Cited by 47
Information processing biases in generalized anxiety disorder
Hayes, S., & Hirsch, C. R. (2007) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.02.003 · Cited by 44
Correlation between trait hostility and faster reading times for sentences describing angry reactions to ambiguous situations
Wingrove, J., & Bond, A. (2005) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930441000229 · Cited by 43
Interpersonal Sensitivity and Response Bias in Social Phobia and Depression: Labeling Emotional Expressions
Gilboa‐Schechtman, E., Foa, E. B., Vaknin, Y., Marom, S., & Hermesh, H. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9208-8 · Cited by 42
Automatic and controlled social information processing and relational aggression in young adults
Linder, J. R., Werner, N. E., & Lyle, K. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.029 · Cited by 41
Effects of modifying the interpretation of emotional ambiguity
Mathews, A. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2011.584527 · Cited by 43
The Nature of Trait Anxiety
Calvo, M. G., & Vindel, A. C. (1997) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040.2.4.301 · Cited by 39
Children's Attentional Processing of Mother and Proximity Seeking
Bosmans, G., Braet, C., Heylen, J., & Raedt, R. D. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124038 · Cited by 38
The Effects of Gender, Gender Role, and Values on the Interpretation of Messages
Edwards, R. (1998) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x980171003 · Cited by 38
Mindfulness, Interpretation Bias, and Levels of Anxiety and Depression: Two Mediation Studies
Mayer, B., Polak, M. G., & Remmerswaal, D. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0946-8 · Cited by 37
On the Status of Implicit Memory Bias in Anxiety
Russo, R., Fox, E., & Bowles, R. J. (1999) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999399379258 · Cited by 37
Children suffering from separation anxiety disorder (SAD) show increased HPA axis activity compared to healthy controls
Brand, S., Wilhelm, F. H., Kossowsky, J., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Schneider, S. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.08.014 · Cited by 39
Learned uncertainty: The free energy principle in anxiety
McGovern, H. T., De Foe, A., Biddell, H., Leptourgos, P., Corlett, P., Bandara, K., & Hutchinson, B. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943785 · Cited by 33
Listening and Message Interpretation
Edwards, R. (2011) · International Journal of Listening · doi:10.1080/10904018.2011.536471 · Cited by 34
Fear-relevant illusory correlations in different fears and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature
Wiemer, J., & Pauli, P. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.003 · Cited by 31
Recent Decreases in Specific Interpretation Biases Predict Decreases in Neuroticism: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study With Young Adult Couples
Finn, C. T., Mitte, K., & Neyer, F. J. (2014) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12102 · Cited by 30
Interpretive Biases in Chronic Insomnia: An Investigation Using a Priming Paradigm
Ree, M. J., & Harvey, A. G. (2006) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.03.002 · Cited by 29
Relations among perceived control over anxiety-related events, worry, and generalized anxiety disorder in a sample of adolescents
Frala, J. L., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Blumenthal, H., & Barreto, C. C. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9365-6 · Cited by 28
Processing of Unjust and Just Information: Interpretation and Memory Performance Related to Dispositional Victim Sensitivity
Baumert, A., Otto, K., Thomas, N., Bobocel, D. R., & Schmitt, M. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1844 · Cited by 28
Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory: comparing the separable and joint subsystems.
Gomez, R., Cooper, A. J., McOrmond, R., & Tatlow, S. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.09.003 · Cited by 28
Multidimensional Anxiety and Content-specificity Effects in Preferential Processing of Threat
Calvo, M. G., Avero, P., Castillo, M. D., & Miguel-Tobal, J. J. (2003) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027//1016-9040.8.4.252 · Cited by 28
Trait anxiety influences on judgments of frequency and recall
Kverno, K. S. (2000) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00201-9 · Cited by 28
Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguous facial expressions: The influence of contextual cues
Blanchette, I., Richards, A., & Cross, A. (2006) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210600890511 · Cited by 26
Breakfast or bakery? The role of categorical ambiguity in overgeneralization of learned fear in trait anxiety.
Wong, A. H. K., & Lovibond, P. F. (2020) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000739 · Cited by 23
The timeline of threat processing in repressors: more evidence for early vigilance and late avoidance
Caldwell, T. L., & Newman, L. S. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.004 · Cited by 23
Uncertainty and Ambiguity in Health Decisions
Han, P. K. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3486-7_10 · Cited by 22
When is the grass greener on the other side? A longitudinal study of the joint effect of occupational mobility and personality on the honeymoon‐hangover experience during job change
Zhou, Y., Wu, C., Zou, M., & Williams, M. (2020) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2491 · Cited by 25
Maternal perinatal anxiety and neural responding to infant affective signals: Insights, challenges, and a road map for neuroimaging research
Yatziv, T., Vancor, E. A., Bunderson, M., & Rutherford, H. J. V. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.043 · Cited by 21
Experimental Manipulation of Beliefs about Uncertainty: Effects on Interpretive Processing and Access to Threat Schemata
Deschenes, S. S., Dugas, M. J., Radomsky, A. S., & Buhr, K. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.008510 · Cited by 18
Young Adolescent’s Confidence in Maternal Support: Attentional Bias Moderates the Link Between Attachment-Related Expectations and Behavioral Problems
Bosmans, G., Koster, E. H. W., Vandevivere, E., Braet, C., & Raedt, R. D. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9526-3 · Cited by 18
Effects of Sex and Setting on Students’ Interpretation of Teachers’ Excessive Use of Immediacy
Rester, C. H., & Edwards, R. (2006) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634520600954619 · Cited by 18
Assessment of Schema and Problem-solving Strategies with Projective Techniques
Teglasi, H. (1998) · Comprehensive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1016/b0080-4270(73)00005-5 · Cited by 18
Incremental Validity of Perceived Control Dimensions in the Differential Prediction of Interpretive Biases for Threat
Zvolensky, M. J., Heffner, M., Eifert, G. H., Spira, A. P., Feldner, M. T., & Brown, R. A. (2001) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/a:1010935407194 · Cited by 16
Differential encoding of affective and nonaffective content information in trait anxiety
Pury, C. L. S., & Mineka, S. (2001) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930126123 · Cited by 16
The Relationship Between Memory and Interpretation Biases, Difficulties with Emotion Regulation, and Disordered Eating in Young Women
Cooper, J. L., & Wade, T. D. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9709-1 · Cited by 18
Threat appraisal and negative affect under ambiguity in generalised anxiety disorder
Chen, J. T.-H., & Lovibond, P. F. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102299 · Cited by 20
Cancer blues? A promising judgment bias task indicates pessimism in nude mice with tumors
Resasco, A., MacLellan, A., Ayala, M. Á., Kitchenham, L., Edwards, A. M., Lâm, S., Dejardin, S., & Mason, G. J. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113465 · Cited by 17
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Rethinking Diagnosis and Rating
Stein, D. J. (2005) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900010488 · Cited by 15
The mediating effect of appraisal on the relationship between neuroticism and coping during an anagram-solving task: A goodness-of-fit hypothesis perspective
Boyes, M. E., & French, D. J. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.037 · Cited by 15

Authors: MacLeod, C., & Cohen, I. L.
Affiliations: The University of Western Australia (AU)
ORCID: MacLeod, Colin
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1993-05
Volume: 102
Issue: 2
Pages: 238-247
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.102.2.238
OpenAlex: W2073092513
Cited by: 234
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 2.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Keywords: anxiety, interpretation bias, ambiguity, Beck, trait anxiety, text comprehension, rapid serial visual presentation, ambiguous sentences, pathological anxiety
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Arousal, Depressive Disorder, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Language, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Speech Perception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguity: A text comprehension study.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks