Anxiety, depression, and the anticipation of future positive and negative experiences.

Abstract

An experiment is reported that attempts to distinguish between anxious and depressive future thinking in terms of anticipation of future positive and future negative experiences. Anxious, mixed (anxious-depressed), and control participants were given an adapted verbal fluency paradigm to examine the ease with which they could think of future positive and negative personal experiences. Anxious participants differed from controls only in anticipating more future negative experiences; mixed participants showed both greater anticipation of negative experiences and reduced anticipation of positive experiences. Self-report measures of hopelessness and worry followed a similar pattern to future positive and future negative anticipation, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of the distinction between positive affect and negative affect (D. Watson, L. A. Clark, & G. Carey, 1988).

Cites (13)

1. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
   Watson, David, Clark, Lee Anna, Tellegen, Auke · 1988 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2. Statistical principles in experimental design.
   Ben J. Winer · 1962 · McGraw-Hill Book Company
3. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale
   Beck, Aaron T., Weissman, Arlene, Lester, David, Trexler, Larry · 1974 · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
4. Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
   Meyer, T.J., Miller, M.L., Metzger, R.L., Borkovec, Thomas D. · 1990 · Behaviour Research and Therapy
5. Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression.
   Abramson, Lyn Y., Metalsky, Gerald I., Alloy, Lauren B. · 1989 · Psychological Review
6. Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders.
   Watson, David, Clark, Lee Anna, Carey, Greg · 1988 · Journal of Abnormal Psychology
7. Detecting anxiety and depression in general medical settings.
   Goldberg, D., Bridges, K., Duncan-Jones, P., Grayson, D. · 1988 · BMJ
8. Cognitive processes in anxiety
   Butler, Gillian, Mathews, Andrew · 1983 · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy
9. Cognitive Therapy for Depression
   Andrew C. Butler, Aaron Tim Beck · 1996 · PsycEXTRA Dataset
10. Distinguishing optimism from pessimism: Relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality.
    Marshall, Grant N., Wortman, Camille B., Kusulas, Jeffrey W., Hervig, Linda K., Vickers, Ross R. · 1992 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Show all 13 references

Cited by (39)

1. The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?
   Suddendorf, Thomas, Corballis, Michael C. · 2007 · Behavioral and Brain Sciences
2. Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders
   Mineka, Susan, Watson, David, Clark, Lee Anna · 1998 · Annual Review of Psychology
3. Episodic future thinking
   Atance, Cristina M., O'Neill, Daniela K. · 2001 · Trends in Cognitive Sciences
4. Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis.
   Mor, Nilly, Winquist, Jennifer · 2002 · Psychological Bulletin
5. The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorder
   Luscher, B, Shen, Q, Sahir, N · 2011 · Molecular Psychiatry

See all 449

Related (10)

1. Thinking about worry: Investigation of the cognitive components of worry in children
   Donovan, Caroline L., Holmes, Monique C., Farrell, Lara J., Hearn, Catherine S. · 2017 · Journal of Affective Disorders
2. Diverse Aspects of Worry among Younger and Older Adults: A Multifaceted Approach
   Katie L. Granier, Daniel L. Segal · 2021 · Psychology
3. An investigation of relationships between cognitive factors associated with worry
   David Voon, Lisa Phillips · 2015 · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology
4. The Impact of Worry on Academic Performance
   Abdalla A. R. M. Hamid · 2020 · Journal of Education and Human Development
5. Worry in Childhood and Adolescence
   Sam Cartwright‐Hatton · 2006

See all