Cited by 262Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and AssessmentsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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The causal role of interpretive bias in anxiety reactivity

Wilson, Edward J., MacLeod, Colin, Mathews, Andrew, Rutherford, Elizabeth M.·2006·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-843x.115.1.103

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Abstract

Elevated anxiety vulnerability is associated with a tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening, but the causal basis of this relationship has not been established. Recently, procedures have been developed to systematically manipulate interpretive bias, but the impact of such manipulation on anxiety reactivity to a subsequent stressor has not yet been examined. In the present study, training procedures were used to induce interpretive biases favoring the threatening or nonthreatening meanings of ambiguous information in a sample of 48 undergraduate students. Following this interpretive training, participants' emotional reactions to a stressful video were assessed. The finding that the manipulation of interpretive bias modified emotional reactivity supports the hypothesis that interpretive bias can indeed play a causal role in anxiety vulnerability.

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Background
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Background
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“The reduction of interpretive biases of ambiguous passages also induced decreased anxiety reactivity to a stressful video (Wilson et al., 2006).”
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Information Processing
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“For example, Wilson et al. (2006) used a training program to induce an interpretation bias towards non-threat and an interpretation bias towards threat in two groups of non-anxious participants and found that, following an emotional event, anxiety was increased in those participants who had received the training towar…”
Method
Do markers of daily affect mediate associations between interpretation bias and depressive symptoms? A longitudinal study of early adolescents
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Associations among interpretation bias, craving, and abstinence self-efficacy in adults with substance use disorders
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“Experimentally induced negative interpretation bias increases stress reactivity, supporting a causal association (Wilson et al., 2006).”
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Resolving ambiguity: Negative interpretation biases
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Neuroticism polygenic risk score predicts 20-year burden of depressive symptoms for Whites but not Blacks
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“Individuals with a higher N score are also more sensitive to negative emotional information (9,10).”
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Cognitive Bias Modification Training to Change Interpretation Biases
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Effects of induced and naturalistic mood on the temporal allocation of attention to emotional information
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Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on Dry Matter Degradation of Wheat Straw in the Rumen
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Development and Preliminary Validation of the Threat Appraisal Questionnaire for Children (TAQ-C)
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“…Bradley et al. 1999; Hasija 1993; Mathews and Macleod 2005; Mogg et al. 2000; Perrin and Last 1997; Power and Dalgleish 2016; Waters et al. 2008b; Wilson et al. 2006); and (b) exaggerated perceptions of the likelihood, cost (Butler and Mathews 1983), and difficulty coping with a potential threat…”
Effects of positive and negative affect inductions on interpretive and response bias
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“In accordance with this, the treatment known as interpretation bias modification (IBM) has successfully been used to relieve anxiety symptoms by modifying negative biases in affected individuals [6,7].”
Background
Association between interpretation flexibility and emotional health in an anxious sample: The challenge of measuring flexible adoption of multiple perspectives
Ji, J. L., Salemink, E., & Teachman, B. A. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/20438087241226642 · Cited by 3
“Consistent with theorized causal links, experimental inductions of a negative interpretation style leads to greater negative emotion reactivity to a stressor as compared to the induction of a benign interpretation style (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000; Mathews & MacLeod, 2002; Wilson et al., 2006).”
Background
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: Current Concepts
Fıstikçı, N., Keyvan, A., Erten, E., Duran, Ş., & Sungur, M. Z. (2014) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.5455/cap.20140719110703 · Cited by 6
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The mental health benefits and feasibility of the smartphone-based interpretation bias modification training in working population
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Cognitive Bias Modification Training
Grafton, B., & MacLeod, C. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118775349.ch64 · Cited by 3
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“Various research findings have revealed that cognitive bias toward threatening stimuli (e.g. attention bias, and interpretation bias, etc.) predicts subsequent heightened anxiety responses [45–47].”
Background
The influence of outcome expectancy on interpretation bias training in social anxiety: an experimental pilot study
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-023-01371-6 · Cited by 2
“…it was hypothesized that the CBM-I training in this study would have a positive effect on IB, social anxiety [14, 27, 31, 32], and emotional reactivity [9, 33] and that the greatest outcome success would be seen in those participants who received a positive expectancy induction [26, 34, 35].”
Background
Adaptation and validation of a suicide-focused Word Sentence Association Paradigm to assess suicide-specific interpretation biases
Rogers, M. L., Schofield, C. A., & Armey, M. F. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104619 · Cited by 2

Authors: Wilson, E. J., MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Rutherford, E. M.
Affiliations: The University of Western Australia (AU)
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
ORCID: MacLeod, Colin
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006-02
Volume: 115
Issue: 1
Pages: 103-111
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.115.1.103
OpenAlex: W2043978415
Cited by: 262
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 20.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: interpretation bias, threat interpretation, ambiguous stimuli, emotional reactivity, stress response, anxiety vulnerability, causal manipulation
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Cognition, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Teaching, Observer Variation, Bias

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The causal role of interpretive bias in anxiety reactivity

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