Cited by 438Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesFace Recognition and PerceptionChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Is this happiness I see? Biases in the identification of emotional facial expressions in depression and social phobia.

Joormann, Jutta, Gotlib, Ian H.·2006·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-843x.115.4.705

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Abstract

The present study was designed to examine the operation of depression-specific biases in the identification or labeling of facial expression of emotions. Participants diagnosed with major depression and social phobia and control participants were presented with faces that expressed increasing degrees of emotional intensity, slowly changing from a neutral to a full-intensity happy, sad, or angry expression. The authors assessed individual differences in the intensity of facial expression of emotion that was required for the participants to accurately identify the emotion being expressed. The depressed participants required significantly greater intensity of emotion than did the social phobic and the control participants to correctly identify happy expressions and less intensity to identify sad than angry expressions. In contrast, social phobic participants needed less intensity to correctly identify the angry expressions than did the depressed and control participants and less intensity to identify angry than sad expressions. Implications of these results for interpersonal functioning in depression and social phobia are discussed.

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Authors: Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Joormann, Jutta
Gotlib, Ian H.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006-11
Volume: 115
Issue: 4
Pages: 705-714
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.115.4.705
OpenAlex: W2127699202
Cited by: 438
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 10.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: German Research Foundation (JO/399-1; JO/399-2)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH59259)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: emotional facial expressions, emotion recognition, depression, social anxiety disorder, emotional intensity, happiness, sadness, anger, interpersonal functioning
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Facial Expression, Happiness, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Severity of Illness Index, Visual Perception, Expressed Emotion, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Is this happiness I see? Biases in the identification of emotional facial expressions in depression and social phobia.

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