The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The verbal threat information pathway to fear in children: The longitudinal effects on fear cognitions and the immediate effects on avoidance behavior.
Open accessAbstract
Verbal information has long been assumed to be an indirect pathway to fear. Children (aged 6-8 or 12-13 years) were exposed to threat, positive, or no information about 3 novel animals to see the long-term impact on their fear cognitions and the immediate impact on avoidance behavior. Their directly (self-report) and indirectly (implicit association task) measured attitudes toward the animals changed congruent with the information provided, and the changes persisted up to 6 months later. Verbal threat information also induced behavioral avoidance of the animal. Younger children formed stronger animal- threat and animal-safe associations because of threat and positive verbal information than older children, but there were negligible age effects on self-reported fear beliefs and avoidance behaviors. These results support theories of fear acquisition that suppose that verbal information affects components of the fear emotion.
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In the citing paper
“These tests involve asking the child to approach a feared object or situation and measuring the physical distance from that object or situation, which is used as an estimate of behavioral avoidance (Field et al., 2008; Klein et al., 2011).”
From Child- and Parent-Report Measures of Behavioral Avoidance (CAMS/CAMP): Portuguese Validation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. (2024) · cites this paper as Field et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Behavioral avoidance tests are the most common method of measuring avoidance.”
From Child- and Parent-Report Measures of Behavioral Avoidance (CAMS/CAMP): Portuguese Validation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. (2024) · cites this paper as Field et al., 2008
Citations
Cites
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“The opportunities for learning through interacting with the object of the verbal threat information (and having disconfirmatory experiences) are therefore decreased (Foa & Kozak, 1986).”
BackgroundFears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning
Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.483 · Cited by 3,147 · cited 2×
“Öhman and Mineka (2001) have also acknowledged that verbal threat information can determine how individuals appraise their fear and subsequently behave toward a fear-evoking stimulus.”
BackgroundIntroducing Multilevel Modeling
Kreft, I., & de Leeuw, J. (1998) · doi:10.4135/9781849209366 · Cited by 2,997
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH USAGE: LEXICON AND GRAMMAR
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Ratcliff, R. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.510 · Cited by 2,142 · cited 1×
“…mean reaction times were computed for each child for compatible and incompatible trials, excluding reaction times if they were greater than two standard deviations from the child’s mean (see Ratcliff, 1993) or if the child made an error (i.e., gave the wrong response to the words) on that trial.”
MethodTheoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy
Reiss, S., & Bootzin, R. R. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,461
The conditioning theory of fearacquisition: A critical examination
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“Lang (1968) famously conceptualized anxiety as three response systems: language behavior, physiological responses, and overt behaviors.”
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Sorted by citations
Temperament and the environment in the etiology of childhood anxiety
Degnan, K. A., Almas, A. N., & Fox, N. A. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02228.x · Cited by 347
Pathways of fear and anxiety in dentistry: A review
Carter, A. E. (2014) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v2.i11.642 · Cited by 202
Kim, J. H., & Richardson, R. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.003 · Cited by 189
Distorted cognition and pathological anxiety in children and adolescents
Muris, P., & Field, A. P. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930701843450 · Cited by 207
Self-citationThe Role of Verbal Threat Information in the Development of Childhood Fear. “Beware the Jabberwock!”
Muris, P., & Field, A. P. (2010) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0064-1 · Cited by 146
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Field, A. P., Lawson, J., & Banerjee, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 214-224
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2088224337
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 12.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (R000239591)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- fear acquisition, avoidance behavior, children, implicit association task, fear beliefs, age differences, fear conditioning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Escape Reaction, Fear, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Verbal Behavior, Disclosure
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