Cited by 344Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Risk for alcoholism and individual differences in the stress-response-dampening effect of alcohol

Sher, Kenneth J., Levenson, Robert W.·1982·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Abstract

In two experiments, individual differences in the effects of a 1 g/kg dose of alcohol on physiological and affective responses to stress were found to be related to characteristics thought to relate to risk for alcoholism. In the first study of 95 male nonalcoholics, subjects considered to be at heightened risk for alcoholism on the basis of high scores on the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale (MAC) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were found to show much more pronounced reduction of their cardiovascular and affective responses to stress when they consumed alcohol than did their low-risk controls. In the second study of 82 male nonalcoholics, a similar finding for cardiovascular responses to stress was observed when risk was predicated on the basis of low scores on the Socialization (So) scale of the California Psychological Inventory (or on the basis of combined risk on both the MAC and So). These results are interpreted as indicating that the outgoing, aggressive, impulsive, and antisocial individuals who are identified by these measures (and who have been shown to have a high incidence of alcoholism in prospective studies) may find alcohol consumption particularly reinforcing by virtue of their obtaining a greater amount of alcohol's stress-response-dampening (SRD) effect when they drink. These findings along with those concerned with the effects of alcohol on prestressor physiological and affective levels are discussed, and an etiological model of alcoholism that incorporates individual differences in the SRD effects is proposed.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0021-843x.91.5.350

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  • A negative-reinforcement model of drug use assumes that individuals frequently consume alcohol or opioids to alleviate aversive physical or emotional states.

    “Theorists have long hypothesized that a negativereinforcement model of drug use assumes that individuals frequently consume alcohol (or opioids) to alleviate aversive physical or emotional states (Cappell and Herman, 1972;Sher and Levenson, 1982;Khantzian, 1985;Koob and Bloom, 1988;Baker et al., 2004;Ahmed and Koob, 2005).”

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Authors
Sher, K. J., & Levenson, R. W.
Affiliations
University of Missouri (US)
Venue
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Published
1982-10
Volume
91
Issue
5
Pages
350-367
ISSN
  • 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1846
OpenAlex
W2104671404
Cited by
344
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI
4.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
alcoholism risk, individual differences, alcohol reinforcement, cardiovascular stress response, California Psychological Inventory, socialization, antisocial personality traits, etiology of alcoholism, alcohol consumption
MeSH terms
Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Arousal, Humans, Individuality, Male, Psychological Tests, Risk, Stress, Psychological

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