Primary early-onset dysthymia: Comparison with primary nonbipolar nonchronic major depression on demographic, clinical, familial, personality, and socioenvironmental characteristics and short-term outcome.
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Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by psychosocial impairment, high comorbidity, low rates of spontaneous remission, and poorer treatment outcomes compared to episodic depression.
“Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is characterized by psychosocial impairment (Angst et al. 2009; Gustavsson et al. 2011; Klein et al. 1988), high comorbidity (Köhler et al. 2019), low rates of spontaneous remission (McCullough et al. 1988) and poorer treatment outcomes compared to episodic depression (Stewart et al. 1989; Thase et al. 1994).”
From Reciprocal Dynamics of Therapeutic Alliance and Depressive Symptoms in Inpatient Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy: The Role of Attachment Insecurity. (2025) · cites this paper as Klein et al. 1988
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Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years, Part I
BIRMAHER, B., RYAN, N. D., WILLIAMSON, D. E., BRENT, D. A., KAUFMAN, J., DAHL, R. E., PEREL, J., & NELSON, B. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199611000-00011 · Cited by 2,076 · see citing works
Birmaher, B., & Brent, D. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318145ae1c · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Alaimo, K., Olson, C. M., & Frongillo, E. A. (2002) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/132.4.719 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study
Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Barlow, D. H. (1991) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0201_15 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Risk factors for chronic depression—a systematic review
Hölzel, L., Härter, M., Reese, C., & Kriston, L. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.03.025 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Klein, D. N., Shankman, S. A., & Rose, S. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.872 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationSeidl, E., Padberg, F., Bauriedl-Schmidt, C., Albert, A., Daltrozzo, T., Hall, J., Renneberg, B., Seidl, O., & Jobst, A. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.021 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Ross, E., Ali, A., & Toner, B. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health · doi:10.7870/cjcmh-2003-0004 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Diehm, M. L., Kunz, J. I., Goerigk, S., Wolf, J., Lange, J., Jobst, A., Padberg, F., & Reinhard, M. A. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70200 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Klein, D. N., Taylor, E. B., Dickstein, S., & Harding, K.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 1988-11
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 387-398
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2019354147
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R03-MH-39782)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR7030)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- dysthymia, major depressive disorder, demographic factors, personality traits, socio-environmental factors, short-term outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Manuals as Topic, Personality Development, Psychological Tests, Social Adjustment, Social Environment
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