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Cited by 254

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Business owners' action planning and its relationship to business success in three African countries.

Frese, Michael, Krauss, Stefanie I., Keith, Nina, Escher, Susanne, Grabarkiewicz, Rafal, Luneng, Siv Tonje, Heers, Constanze, Unger, Jens, Friedrich, Christian·2007·Journal of Applied Psychology

Abstract

A model of business success was developed with motivational resources (locus of control, self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and self-reported personal initiative) and cognitive resources (cognitive ability and human capital) as independent variables, business owners' elaborate and proactive planning as a mediator, and business size and growth as dependent variables. Three studies with a total of 408 African micro and small-scale business owners were conducted in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Namibia. Structural equation analyses partially supported the hypotheses on the importance of psychological planning by the business owners. Elaborate and proactive planning was substantially related to business size and to an external evaluation of business success and was a (partial) mediator for the relationship between cognitive resources and business success. The model carries important implications for selection, training, and coaching of business owners.

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Metadata

Authors
Frese, M., Krauss, S. I., Keith, N., Escher, S., Grabarkiewicz, R., Luneng, S. T., Heers, C., Unger, J., & Friedrich, C.
Venue
Journal of Applied Psychology
Published
2007-11
Volume
92
Issue
6
Pages
1481-1498
ISSN
  • 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1854
OpenAlex
W2187841782
Cited by
254
References
12
FWCI
12.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Business owners' action planning and its relationship to business success in three African countries. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1481
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Frese, M., Krauss, S. I., Keith, N., Escher, S., Grabarkiewicz, R., Luneng, S. T., Heers, C., Unger, J., & Friedrich, C. (2007). Business owners' action planning and its relationship to business success in three African countries. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1481

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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